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Question 1/I - Regulatory provisions
(revised and continuation of Question 1/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that proposals concerning a broad international regulatory
framework for existing and new telecommunication services have been
submitted to the World Administrative Telegraph and Telephone
Conference (Melbourne, 1988);

(b) that the decisions of the WATTC and/or the subsequent
Plenipotentiary Conference (Nice, 1989) may require amendment of
CCITT Recommendations,

a study should be made of the following points:

1. the possible need to amend or draft new provisions concerning
operational and service policy aspects of specific services or of
services in general, taking into account the decisions of competent
Conferences;

2. continuation of the study of general operational principles for new
services, in particular where such principles may need to be different
from those for existing services that use the same underlying transport
mechanism.

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Question 2/I - Official service documents
(new Question)

Taking into account the relevant Regulations, a study should be made
of the official service documents required for the efficient operation
of
international telecommunication services, and in particular:

1. to review the effectiveness and utility of the current range of
official
service documents;

2. to draft new provisions or Recommendations to specify official
service documents not presently defined, where these need to
continue;

3. to update as necessary the existing provisions.

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Question 3/I - Terminology
(continuation of Question 3/II, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that the purpose of terminology work in the CCITT is to define the
terms used in CCITT Recommendations to contribute to a better
understanding of these Recommendations;

(b) that the preparation of Recommendations for new services normally
require a consistent vocabulary and agreed definitions to be applied;

(c) that certain existing definitions may need to be modified, taking
into
account changes in technology;

(d) that easy reference to definitions should be possible, especially
for
those general definitions applicable for the work of the whole Study
Group;

(e) that continuous effort should be made to establish consistency in
the terminology of various non-voice Recommendations,

the evaluation and on-going study of appropriate terminology in the
field of non-voice services should be performed in a coordinated
fashion. The aim is to have the appropriate experts develop the
definitions of the relevant terms in their F-Series Recommendations
and to include them in the Recommendation in which the term is used
and/or in a separate Recommendation or Supplement in the F-Series
dedicated to terminology. (Refer to Supplementary No. 1 of the
F-Series Recommendations.)

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Question 4/I - Telegram service
(revised and continuation of Question 4/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that, in the previous study period detailed proposals were developed
for significant changes to the operational procedures for the telegram
service, with a view to simplifying those procedures and to minimizing
costs, but that final agreement could not be reached on all of those
proposals;

(b) that it does not appear appropriate to introduce major changes at
this stage in the life of the telegram service;

(c) that the telemessage service may be offered as an alternative to the
traditional telegram service,

a continuation of the study on maintenance of the operating principles
for the telegram service may be required, for which the following
specific points could be addressed:

1. Quality of Service considerations, particularly regarding the time
between acceptance and delivery (see Note 1);

2. possible minor amendments to the provisions.

Note 1 - Cooperation with Study Group III is needed on any operational
or Quality of Service aspects affecting charging, accounting or refunds
in the international telegram service.

Note 2 - Collaboration with the study of the radiotelegram service
(Question 8/I) may also be required.

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Question 5/I - Phototelegraph services
(new Question, previously included in Question 4/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that, despite the declining demand for phototelegrams, some
simplification of the operational provisions for phototelegraph
services,
as defined in the F.80-Series Recommendations, may be desirable;

(b) that the technical advantages of digital phototelegraphy may
warrant the development of some new or revised operating principles
for phototelegraph calls between users (and perhaps for
phototelegrams);

(c) that digital phototelegraphy is likely to use protocols and
procedures
compatible (to the extent feasible) with some existing Telematic
services,

a study should be made of the following points:

1. possible amendment of the present F.80-Series of
Recommendations; and/or

2. consideration, if warranted, of specific principles to cover digital
phototelegraph calls.

Note 1 - Collaboration with Study Group III may be necessary on
charging, accounting and refunds in the phototelegraph services.

Note 2 - Liaison is necessary with Study Group VIII which is responsible
for technical aspects.

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Question 6/I - Telemessage service
(revised, previously Question 5/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that Recommendation F.50 establishes the operational principles for
the international telemessage service;

(b) that this service is considered to be a means of replacing the
telegram service in some relations,

a study is required on possible amendments to Recommendations F.50
and F.51, or on possible new Recommendations to develop the
telemessage service principles further. Specific points for study are:

1. service aspects of the use of higher level protocols and other
technical means for development of the telemessage service;

2. electronic delivery of telemessages (to telex, Teletex, facsimile and
other customer terminals);

3. express telemessage service;

4. multi-address procedures;

5. multi-page telemessages;

6. business reply services

7. presentation aspects (e.g. presentation of time and date of
acceptance);

8. standardizing formats;

9. Quality of Service, especially regarding the time between
acceptance and delivery;

10. possible servicing procedures, in particular the procedure for
undelivered items.

Note 1 - This Question should be studied in collaboration with the study
of MH service when technical means, financial affairs and physical
delivery come into force.

Note 2 - Collaboration with Study Group III will be required on any
operational or Quality of Service aspects affecting charging,
accounting or refunds (if applicable) in the telemessage service.

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Question 7/I - Telex service
(revised and continuation of Question 7/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that the telex service is the only text communication subscriber
service available throughout the world;

(b) that it is important to safeguard the Quality of Service as
perceived
by the large customer base of the telex service, particularly in
interworking environments;

(c) that new applications and new facilities for the telex service have
emerged as a result of studies over the previous study periods;

(d) that further development of applications and facilities for the
telex
service is desirable,

a continuation is required of the study of all aspects concerning the
definition and operation of the telex service. Specific points for study
in
these areas are:

1. possible restructuring of all existing Recommendations dealing with
the international telex service, new facilities of the telex service and
interworking of other services with the telex service;

2. identify the necessary operational and service aspects of access to
and from telex to other services and/or networks.

The following aspects should be particularly studied:

-interworking between the telex service and the Videotex service for
direct access from the telex side, using a one-stage or a two-stage
selection procedure on the basis of existing Recommendations;

-interworking between the telex service and the Videotex service using
store-and-forward principles for the telex access on the basis of
Recommendation F.72.

3. consider the possibility of introducing higher speeds and different
code structure into telex network and terminal equipment without
degrading the current quality of the existing telex service;

4. further study of facilities such as store-and-forward;

5. consideration of store-and-retrieve facilities for special
applications;

6. security of the service (e.g. assurance of delivery);

7. study the aspect of telex connections in prolonged idle conditions;

8. the influence of the network on the quality of the telex service;

9. what steps should be taken to allow the use of non-latin character
set in the international telex service?

Note 1 - Collaboration is necessary with Study Groups VII and VIII for
the interworking scenario, with Study Group IX on technical aspects
and with Study Group III on charging and accounting aspects.

Note 2 - At the IXth CCITT Plenary Assembly, two administrations
expressed reservations on some paragraphs of new Recommendation
F.73, the reasons for which are listed in the annex to this Question.

ANNEX

(to Question 7/I)

Reservations to Recommendation F.73

The reservations concern the following paragraphs:

3.1.2.6

Reason for the reservation: data networks do not all necessarily
transmit the address of the called (or calling) data terminal (see X.25
(1988), Appendix 4).

3.2.3

Reason for the reservation: same as for  3.1.2.6.

3.2.6

Reason for the reservation: the possibility of the telex terminal
answerback being carried by the data transmission network must be
studied in greater detail before this idea can be accepted in principle.
4.2.3

Reason for the reservation: the solution indicated (call release in both
directions) is too different from the solution normally adopted in the
telex service. The conversational mode is no longer possible. This point
should be studied at a later stage.

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Question 8/I - Mobile telephone, telegraph, Telematic and data services
(amalgamation of and revised Questions 6/I and 16/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) Resolution No. 201 of the World Administrative Radio Conference
(Geneva, 1979) relating to operational provisions, charging and
accounting for public correspondence in the mobile services;

(b) the existence of a world-wide maritime mobile satellite system
(INMARSAT);

(c) development of aeronautical public correspondence services (see
Recommendation F.125);

(d) the planned introduction of land mobile satellite systems;

(e) studies carried out by other competent CCITT Study Groups, the
CCIR and INMARSAT, which require collaboration with Study Group I;

(f) the desirability of maintaining compatibility between the numbering,
selection and operational procedures used to access the various
mobile services;

(g) the development and introduction of the Global Maritime Distress
and Safety System (GMDSS) in relation to ships' equipment and
personnel;

(h) the need to review as a matter of urgency operational procedures
for the maritime satellite data transmission service in the light of the
recent development in this field;

(i) that the World Administrative Telegraph and Telephone Conference
will be considering proposals that may affect provisions in the
Recommendations concerning mobile as well as terrestrial traffic;

(j) that the World Administrative Radio Conference for the Mobile
Services (MOB-87) adopted a partial revision of the Radio Regulations
which may affect operational, numbering and selection procedures for
the maritime mobile services;

(k) the rapid development of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN),

What new Recommendations or what additions to or modifications of
existing Recommendations are needed relating to:

1. new or revised mobile telephone services;

2. the radiotelegram, radiotelexogram and radiotelex services defined
in Recommendation F.110;

3. other possible international public correspondence services
analogous to the terrestrial telegraph, Telematic and data services (or
supplementary services) defined or to be defined by Study Group I;

4. provision of the services mentioned in 1 and 2 not only in the
maritime mobile service and the maritime mobile-satellite services but
also in international land mobile and aeronautical mobile services to
the
extent that procedures for handling traffic are concerned;

5. international access to or from the various mobile services to the
terrestrial services, such as telex;

6. possible provisions to take account of charging differentials, off-
peak charging, discrimination between services provided, the use of
multiple station and accounting identities and for the access of the
various mobile telegraph and data services to or from the
corresponding international services;

7. possible consequential changes required to Recommendation F.110
to take account of any improvements in Recommendation D.90
concerning accounting for radio traffic between administrations;

8. operational procedures for the maritime satellite data transmission
service;

9. progress towards automatic service operation;

10. Quality of Service as perceived by the users;

11. any decisions of the World Administrative Telegraph and Telephone
Conference requiring amendments or additions to the
Recommendations regarding mobile services?

Note 1 - Further to considering e) above, collaboration with CCITT Study
Groups II, III, VII, IX and XI and with the relevant CCIR Groups is
necessary in studying this Question.

Note 2 - In general, CCITT is responsible for the traffic handling,
tariff
and accounting aspects within the mobile services, whereas the CCIR
is responsible for the technical transmission aspects. Various technical
CCITT Study  Groups (IV, VII, IX, XI) are involved in the technical
interworking arrangements between the mobile systems and the
terrestrial networks.

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Question 9/I - Teletex service
(revised and expanded, previously Question 8/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that the Teletex service as defined in Recommendation F.200 has
been implemented in a number of countries;

(b) that the F.200-Series of Recommendations already refer to a number
of applications, specified as standardized options of the Teletex
service;

(c) that further applications will be added in the future;

(d) that there is a need to define Quality of Service using both
qualitative and quantitative criteria,

it is proposed

that the future studies on the Teletex service should be divided into
five
main parts as follows:

1. Updating of Recommendation F.200

Considering

the Questions 10/I and 11/I on a general service framework for
document communication and on interactive modes,

the following should be studied:

How should the F.200-Series of Recommendations be updated, taking
into account these two Questions?

Which information security facilities should be offered within the
Teletex service?

2. Types of documents

Considering

(a) that business correspondence contains forms, trade documents,
letters with different types of information;

(b) that documents in business correspondence can be composed of
information coming from different sources such as typed text, data
base fragments, spread sheets, scanned images, etc.;
(c) that there exists a variety of equipment and tools for handling
business correspondence with different functionality levels;

the following should be studied:

the service requirements from the Teletex point of view of the new
types of documents studied in Question 10/I on a general service
framework for document communication.

3. Document transfer

Considering

(a) that documents in business correspondence can be transferred
either directly between subscribers (i.e. in end-to-end connections over
different networks) or by means of store-and-forward facilities (e.g.
MHS);

(b) that users will apply a wide range of equipment (ranging from
dedicated machines up to large systems with Teletex capabilities),

the following should be studied:

What should be the requirements for a private and/or public domain
participating in the end-to-end oriented Teletex service?

What are the additional requirements for the end-to-end Teletex
service?

What should be the additional requirements for the Teletex service to
support features of an MHS domain participating in the end-to-end
oriented Teletex service?

4. Interactive mode

Considering

the Question 11/I on a general service framework for interactive modes
to be used by Telematic services with document transfer capabilities
and the draft Recommendation on the Teletex interactive mode as
annexed to this Question,

the following should be studied:

Which are the service requirements of a Teletex interactive mode?

5. Quality of Service

Considering

(a) the network used to provide the Teletex service;

(b) the different applications, e.g. basic, mixed and interactive modes;

(c) the use of Teletex terminals with message handling services;

(d) the characteristics of a Teletex terminal, e.g. quality of document
display, receiving memory capacities, receive only capability;

(e) intercommunication with other services;

(f) international operation,

the following should be studied:

How should the Quality of Service be defined taking into account the
above?

Which criteria should be used to define the Quality of Service?

How should the Quality of Service be monitored and controlled?

Note 1 - For Quality of Service purposes, coordination will be required
between the different paragraphs of this Question.

Note 2 - See Annex to Question 9/I (as requested to be annexed by the
IXth CCITT Plenary Assembly).

ANNEX

(to Question 9/I)

Clarification of the study programme of Study Group I

The USSR Administration thinks it would be reasonable to modify the
study programme of Study Group I. The modifications concern Question
9/I.

1. Question 9/I

1.1 Section 1 (updating of Recommendation F.200), page 12, last line but
one. It would be advisable to make it clear what is meant by the word
"security", which is used in a wide variety of ways, making the problem
difficult to grasp.

In particular, it should be made clear what is meant by:

a) security of data transmission;

b) prevention of data transmission to an unauthorized addressee, etc.

1.2 Section 2 (types of document)

It seems reasonable to begin studying questions concerning the
service documents which facilitate Teletex maintenance.

One might mention, for example, the registers containing lists of
documents sent and received, etc.

These facilities are part of the Teletex service and should therefore
be studied by Study Group I.

1.3 (Document transfer) - In view of the fact that Teletex terminals at
present use three types of modems, which do not interwork directly
with each other although this would be desirable from the standpoint of
service integrity, it seems to us reasonable to stress the need to study
as a matter of urgency the problems raised by direct interworking of
Teletex terminals connected to the public switched telephone network.

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Question 10/I - General service framework for document communication
(new Question)

Considering

(a) that the T.400-Series of Recommendations have been defined for
Document Architecture, Transfer, and Manipulation, and that these
Recommendations will be further developed;

(b) that several types of documents are already specifically defined in
the T.500-Series, e.g. Mixed Mode, Processable Mode No. 1;

(c) that these Recommendations provide for the ability to define and to
transfer processable, formatted, and formatted processable
documents containing any one or a combination of character-raster
graphics, and geometric graphics content, and other types of contents;

(d) that these Recommendations now form the basis for the further
development of Telematic services such as Telefax 4, Teletex, etc.;

(e) that Recommendations are now available that define the
Interpersonal Messaging Service as one of the Telematic services;

(f) that a broad variety of information processing equipment is
available
and able to handle highly structured text composed of combination of
characters, raster graphics and geometric graphics content as well as
business graphic or table layouts of data files, and that it is
desirable
for this equipment to interchange these documents in an editable form
on a common basis;

(g) that new document and communication application profiles based on
the T.500 and T.560-Series of Recommendations respectively, could
allow for the transmission of these documents;

(h) that various national and international organizations are already
involved in the definition of document application profiles,

it is proposed

that the CCITT should study a general service framework for document
communication, and specifically:

1. the definition of additional types of documents that take advantage
of the processable and mixed mode capabilities;

2. the definition of new processable modes:

based on a hierarchy of document application profiles of the T.500-
Series of Recommendations, and taking into account information
processing equipment which can handle highly structured text
composed of a combination of characters, raster graphics and
geometric graphics content, as well as business graphics or table
layouts of data files;

3. the coordination of the CCITT defined document application profiles
and those which are (or will be) defined by other international
organizations;

4. the operational rules for interchange of documents based on
different document application profiles enabling this interchange to be
achieved efficiently with a minimum loss of information;

5. the use of these documents in the intercommunication between
Telematic services;

6. the document communication interfaces that need to be defined
from user requirements, such as for example the ability to merge
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) data into documents.

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Question 11/I - General service framework for interactive modes to be
used by Telematic services with document transfer capabilities
(New Question)

Considering

(a) that the drafting of Recommendation F.210, containing requirements
for an interactive mode, is in progress (current draft attached to this
Question);

(b) that the interactive mode is to be understood as a general support
application for the use by Telematic services with document transfer
capabilities such as Teletex, Telefax and MH services;

(c) that Study Group I has defined as main applications for this mode
the access to store-and-forward and store-and-retrieve facilities to
electronic directories, and to stored Telematic documents,

it is proposed to study

What are the general service requirements for developing interactive
modes to be used by Telematic services with document transfer
capabilities such as Teletex, Telefax and MH services?

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Question 12/I - Bureaufax service
(continuation of Question 10/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that many postal administrations and telecommunications
administrations operate an international public facsimile service
between public bureaux;

(b) that, to promote the development of such a service, it should be
appropriate to define unique and universal operating procedures;

(c) that Recommendations F.162 and F.171 deal with store-and-forward
facsimile;

it would be appropriate, in consultation with the UPU to study the
operation, Quality of Service and subsequent development of the
Bureaufax service.

This study also comprises the Bureaufax service with store-and-
forward facsimile, as well as the public facsimile service between
public
bureaux and subscriber stations (Telefax) and vice versa.

See Recommendations F.170, F.171 and F.190.

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Question 13/I - Subscriber facsimile service
(revised, previously Question 11/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that Group 3 facsimile terminals are used extensively throughout the
world and the use of these terminals will continue to expand rapidly;

(b) that the technical Recommendations for Group 4 terminals have
been defined;

(c) that administrations are introducing the Integrated Services
Digital Network (ISDN);

(d) that future applications may be required as user requirements
evolve,

it is proposed that the following points should be studied:
1. do the existing Recommendations need to be amended to cover
different types of business correspondence;

2. are there user requirements to be able to access information
retrieval systems, e.g. weather maps using an interactive mode and, if
so, what are the associated service requirements;

3. the impact of A5/A6 Group 3 facsimile terminals;

4. interworking between the Telefax services and other services;

5. operation of the Telefax services over different networks;

6. what amendments are required to the existing Recommendations to
take into account changes in technology?

7. mixed mode of operation;

8. Quality of Service:

- how should the Quality of Service be defined;

- what criteria should be used to define the Quality of Service;

- how should the Quality of Service be monitored and controlled?

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Question 14/I - Facsimile store-and-forward services
(revised, previously Question 11/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that telecommunications and postal administrations are establishing
store-and-forward facsimile facilities;

(b) that store-and-forward facsimile services are now being offered to
subscribers;

(c) that store-and-forward facsimile facilities provide a means of
automating the Bureaufax service;

(d) that store-and-forward message handling services are also being
addressed under Question 15/I;

(e) that Recommendation F.162 covers the general operational aspects
of store-and-forward services, and Recommendation F.171 covers the
application of such techniques to the Bureaufax service,

study is therefore required in the following areas:

1. updating of Recommendations F.162 and F.171 in the light of
operational experience;

2. integration of facsimile techniques into the Message Handling
Service and means of exchanging messages between facsimile and text
based services with MHS;

3. integration of store-and-forward facsimile services with other
Telematic services;

4. operational aspects of the transmission of facsimile traffic as bulk
data over the data networks;

5. means of signalling between store-and-forward facsimile nodes and
terminals, including techniques such as:

- analogue tones over the PSTN

- digital signals over data networks

- character recognition of addressing information imbedded in the
facsimile document;

6. impact of A5/A6 facsimile terminals and services;

7. definition of Quality of Service, including topics such as:

- How should Quality of Service be defined?

- What criteria should be used to defined Quality of Service?

- How should Quality of Service be monitored and controlled?

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Question 15/I - Message handling services
(revised and expanded, previously Question 13/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that the Public Message Transfer Service is defined in
Recommendation F.410;

(b) that the Public Interpersonal Messaging Service is defined in
Recommendation F.420;

(c) that naming and addressing for Public Message Handling Services is
defined in Recommendation F.401;

(d) that intercommunication between the IPM service and the telex
service is defined in Recommendation F.421;

(e) that intercommunication between the IPM service and the Teletex
service is defined in Recommendation F.422;

(f) that intercommunication with Public Physical Delivery services is
defined in Recommendation F.415;

(g) that the technical aspects of message handling systems are
defined in the X.400-Series of Recommendations;

(h) that administrations are implementing message handling services
based on these Recommendations;

(i) that administrations have stated the wish to develop other
applications that can use the infrastructure of message handling;

(j) that the Public Message Handling service is suited to provide secure
store-and-forward transfer for a wide variety of applications;

(k) that there is a growing demand for the electronic interchange of
business transaction documents (referred to as EDI) in a store-and-
forward mode;

(l) that various trade and standards organizations have developed
national and international format standards for numerous business
transactions;

(m) the need to transfer files (e.g. word processing files,
spreadsheets, and source and object code for computer programs) in a
store-and- forward manner;

(n) the growing requirement to support electronic bulletin boards and
non-real-time computer conferencing by message exchange;

(o) the need for F.400 and Telematic services to intercommunicate;

(p) that administrations plan to implement MH/PD service
intercommunication based upon the F.400 and X.400-Series
Recommendations, and the resulting need to continue collaborating
with the UPU;

(q) that store-and-forward aspect of message handling can be used to
extend existing services that require this mode;

(r) that the tariff considerations for message handling is defined in D-
Series Recommendations;

(s) that Recommendation F.400 overviews the system and service for
both the F.400 and X.400-Series Recommendations;

(t) that Study Group VII have a corresponding study question on MHS;

(u) that the T.300-Series Recommendations define Telematic
interworking to MHS;

(v) that the X.500/F.500 Recommendations define directory systems and
directory services;

(w) that general service frameworks will be studied for document
communication and for interactive modes for Telematic document
communication services;

(x) that some administrations are implementing voice messaging
services;

(y) that an international voice messaging service could use the
international message transfer service,

1. What changes are required to Recommendation F.400 to cater for
new requirements?

2. What enhancements are required to Recommendation F.400 to both
encourage and extend message handling use of Directory services?

3. What enhancements should be made to the Public Message
Handling services to cater for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)?

4. What enhancements to Recommendation F.415, or new
Recommendations, are required to extend the MH/PD service
intercommunication to cater for new applications, or to extend the
existing applications, e.g. telemessage?

5. What enhancements should be made to the Public Message Transfer
service to cater for new applications such as file transfer, electronic
funds transfer, etc.;

6. What new Recommendations may be required to cater for
intercommunication with existing Telematic services such as facsimile,
Videotex?

7. What new Recommendations may be required to allow the Public
Message Transfer service to be used by other applications for store-
and-forward mode?

8. What enhancements are required to the security services of MHS to
make them cover remote users and access units?

9. What enhancements should be made to the Public IPM service to
cater for message based computer conferencing and electronic bulletin
boards?

10. What enhancement may have to be made to the Public Message
Handling services to support voice messaging?

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Question 16/I - International public directory services
(expanded, previously Question 14/I)

Considering

(a) the existence of multiple CCITT defined services including
telegraph,
telex, telephone and Telematic services;

(b) the needs of administrations including RPOAs for directory services;

(c) the growing need of users for directory services;

(d) the continuing need for integrated solutions to provide directory
services;

(e) the progress already made by the CCITT in defining international
public directory services in Recommendation F.500 and in developing
system specifications in the X.500-Series;

(f) the increasing interest in the development of ISDN with a
consequent requirement for directory services;

(g) the existing and proposed efforts to develop computerized directory
assistance for operators based on Recommendation E.115;

(h) the interest in Electronic Data Exchange (EDI);

(i) the obvious concern for the security of data including
authentication
of users of directory services;

(j) the ongoing requirements of MH services for directory services;

(k) the interest of the UPU in directory services,

1. What enhancements to Recommendation F.500 are required to
support the continuing development of CCITT defined services?

2. How can the needs of administrations including RPOAs be
specifically addressed?

3. What measures need to be taken within the F.500 environment to
assure that users' needs are given the highest priority? How can
operator requirements be accommodated?

4. What enhancements to Recommendation F.500 or what new
Recommendations may be required to ensure that an integrated
solution meets the specific directory needs of individual CCITT defined
services? In other words, what additional developments are required to
accommodate use of the directory services by, e.g. Videotex?

5. What enhancements to Recommendation F.500 will be needed to
meet the developments of ISDN?

6. How will the international public directory service support the
emerging standardization of EDI?

7. What developments are required to take account of extensive MH
service use of the directory services?

8. How should the service description encompass
security/authentication issues?

9. How can the directory services Recommendation be expanded to
establish subscriber/user access to a given service?

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Question 17/I - Audiovisual services
(expanded and continuation of Question 17/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that Study Group I Question 17/I has studied the general aspects of
audiovisual services, videophone service in the ISDN and telewriting
with telephony in addition to the teleconference service, and has
defined the Recommendations for these services;

(b) that Study Group VIII has been studying system aspects of
audiographic conference (Questions 19, 26/VIII) based on the
classification of Study Group I, new coding schemes for graphics image
(Question 18/VIII) and document structure (Question 30/VIII);

(c) that studies on the general frame structure for audiovisual systems
(Question 5/XV) and system aspects for videophone and
videoconference systems (Question 4/XV) are now in progress under
Study Group XV;

(d) that studies on the network interface aspects applied to the
ISDN and wideband conding speech coding algorithms are now in
progress under Study Group XVIII;

(e) that Study Group VIII is studying Question 9/VIII on protocols for
interactive audiovisual services, which could be applicable to existing
Telematic services and future services,

the following audiovisual services are to be studied:

1. study on each service involved in audiovisual services for user-to-
user real time conversational application:

-extension and revision of Recommendations for teleconference
service, videophone service, telewriting with telephony, etc.

-definition of the use and integration of audiographic conference
service, videoconference service, general videophone service and
other multi-user audiovisual services;

2. relationship of the audiovisual services studied in this Question to
other audiovisual services and Telematic services:

- common aspects of user service definitions

-common access and configuration for intercommunication of
audiovisual services

- Quality of Service and other aspects of audiovisual service

-description of the general relationship of audiovisual service domains
such as user-to-user real time conversational, user-to- system real time
interactive and user-to-user non-real time

-service definitions and related aspects for each identified service
will
be studied as part of their own Questions;

3. liaison works with the relevant Study Groups and with the relevant
study Questions of Study Group I.

============================================================
Question 18/I - Videotex service
(revised, previously Question 19/I, 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) the progress achieved by the CCITT in studying Videotex service
which is an interactive service and provides, through appropriate
access by standardized procedures, for users of Videotex terminals to
communicate with terminals and databases via telecommunication
networks;

(b) that a number of administrations are operating Videotex services;

(c) that there is an expected future requirement for international
interconnection of Videotex services and for interworking with other
Telematic services;

(d) that the CCIR is studying data broadcasting systems and
services particularly those for alphanumeric and/or graphic displays on
television receivers, suitably supplemented;

(e) that further studies are required on Recommendations F.300 and
T.101/T.100;

(f) that there is a need to study the simultaneous use of different
presentation modes to take into account new audiovisual and
interactive applications;

(g) that the emergence of ISDN offers the possibility of economic and
enhanced features in Videotex services,

What new Recommendations are required and what additions of
modifications to Recommendation F.300 or other existing
Recommendations are needed for the development of Videotex
services internationally?

Particular points for study are:

1. the intercommunication with telex, Teletex, message handling and
other Telematic services.

Intercommunication with these services has just started in some
Videotex services. The service parameters, charging principles and
service configurations need to be studied.

2. definition and harmonization of service profiles and reference
models;

3. rules for interworking between different Videotex service profiles.
Different service profiles are in operation. The rules for interworking
-
conversion, transcoding, defaults - need to be studied.

4. review of Quality of Service parameters;

5. study of the Videotex service in the ISDN. Although it is not
intended
to define a completely new Videotex service for the ISDN, some of the
existing service parameters need adjustment;

6. consideration of the human factor aspects and security in the
Videotex service;

7. extension of Recommendation F.300 to support non-Latin based
languages;

8. enhancements: Videotex-telesoftware, photographic mode,
animation, audio, synchronization between modes, etc..

============================================================
Question 19/I - International public data transmission service - service
definitions, Quality of Service and provision of customer
support (revised and expanded, previously Question 2/I, 1985-1988)

Considering that

(a) administrations are providing public data transmission services;

(b) Recommendations F.600 and F.601 describe service and
operational principles for public data transmission services;

(c) Recommendations in the X-Series define the technical aspects of
public data networks,

study is required in the following areas:

1. updating of Recommendations F.600 and F.601 in the light of
operational experience;

2. drafting of new Recommendations to cover service aspects of data
transmission when using:

- circuit switched networks

- switched telephone network

- switched telex network

- ISDN

- leased circuits

- interworking between the various networks;

3. these Recommendations shall cover the user requirements for:

a) harmonization and security of user log-on procedures, including
X.3, X.28, X.32;

b) harmonization of call progress signals:

-mapping of international progress signals between similar networks

-mapping of international progress signals between other networks, e.g
PSPDN and telex;

c) Quality of Service, end-user performance for

-different traffic types, e.g. interactive/bulk data transfer

-networks used

-interworking between networks;

d) customer support aspects

- customer service/"help desk"

- customer information

e) directory services for data

- provision

- user access/facilities

- Recommendation F.500;

f) general aspects

- management of networks/services

- operational procedures;

4. further standardization of international user classes of service and
optional user facilities;

5. definition of connectionless services in public data networks;

6. liaison with other Study Groups, in particular:

Study Groups III, VII, VIII, IX and XVIII.

============================================================
Question 20/I - International multi-destination telecommunication
services via  satellite (revised, continuation of Question 20/I, 1985-
1988)

Considering

(a) the progress achieved by the CCITT in studying point-to- multipoint
telecommunications service via satellite;

(b) the availability of satellites for other multidestinational
services;

(c) user requirements for additional multidestination services (e.g.
multipoint-to-point, two-way multiple access);

(d) the availability of earth stations to provide these services;

(e) the need to define the Quality of Service for these services;

(f) the need by administrations to develop operational guidelines for
these services,

What new Recommendations for international multidestination
telecommunication services via satellite are required?

Possible points of study are:

1. updating of Recommendation F.140 in the light of operational
experience for point-to-multipoint service;

2. extending Recommendation F.140 or developing additional
Recommendations to cover new services:

-operational procedures for multipoint-to-point service (see Figure 1
for
an illustration of this service);

-operational procedures for two-way multiple access service (see
Figure 2 for an illustration of this service);

- Quality of Service requirements for these services

FIGURE 1

Multipoint-to-point service

FIGURE 2

Two-way multiple-access service

============================================================
Question 21/I - New services on the ISDN
(revised, previously Question 15/I)

Considering that

(a) the ISDN is being implemented in a number of countries;

(b) existing services on dedicated networks are being transferred on
the ISDN;

(c) Recommendation F.353 contains a guideline for the provision of
Telematic and data transmission services on the ISDN;

(d) the ISDN offers a wide range of possibilities for

-integration of different existing services (e.g. Teletex and facsimile
services),

-integration of new applications (e.g. multi media, audio visuals and
interactive applications),

- the use of multi functional terminals;

(e) the ISDN offers a wide range of possibilities for new voice oriented
services and facilities,

the following should be studied:

What new and/or revised services should be defined to be offered on
the ISDN?

Note - The study of this Question should cover services such as:

- audio visual services

- teleaction services

- additional packet mode bearer services

- intelligent network services

- mobile network services

- maintenance and management services

- universal personal telecommunication services

- multi media applications.

Note - This Question should be studied in close conjunction with
Question 23/I.

============================================================
Question 22/I - Broadband services on the ISDN
(new Question)

Considering that

(a) Recommendation I.121 provides a framework for the support of
broadband services on ISDN;

(b) a number of telecommunication applications require transmission
rates higher than narrow-band ISDN;

(c) some existing broadband services use analogue leased lines with
lower than the required Quality of Service,

the following should be studied:

What new and existing broadband services should be defined to be
offered on the ISDN?

============================================================
Question 23/I - Existing Telematic and data transmission services on the
ISDN (new Question)

Considering that

existing Telematic and data transmission services are being
transferred on the ISDN,

the following should be studied:

1. What are the service requirements for interworking between
different networks used for the same service?

2. What are the service requirements resulting from integration of
different services?

3. What are the service requirements for multi-functional terminals?

4. What supplementary services should be used within the Telematic
and data transmission services?

Note - This Question should be studied in close conjunction with
Question 21/I.

============================================================
Question 24/I - Suitability of new services and facilities to meet the
needs of  users

Considering

(a) that many Telematic services have been developed during the last
study period;

(b) that many services are being offered in the ISDN;

(c) that the introduction of many new services may create confusion
among users;

(d) that a number of services are very similar in their facilities,

the following should be studied:

How will the needs of users be shown to be satisfied by the new
services? The study should take account of the range of existing and
planned services.

Note 1 - This information should facilitate the marketing efforts of the
service providers.

Note 2 - In defining new services, close attention should be given to
user needs.

============================================================
Question 25/I - Application of the Instructions for the International
Telephone Service (Recommendation E.141) and any
amendments (including a possible restructuring of
the Articles) required to these Instructions and to
other Recommendations relating to the operation of
international telephone relations
(permanent Question, continuation of the study
Question 1/II, considered during the 1977-1980,
1981-1984 and 1985-1988 study periods)

The last part of the Question concerns Recommendations E.140 to
E.150 appearing in Fascicle II.2 of the Blue Book.

============================================================
Question 26/I - New international telecommunication services
(expansion and continuation of Question 3/II,
1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that experience gained from early provision of services gives a
valuable insight into additional services and features that may be
required;

(b) that user requirements and/or expectations of the ISDN may not be
fully satisfied by the currently agreed services;

(c) that the overheads on providing new services may impact on the
marketability of the services;

(d) that dedicated networks and non-ISDN customers will exist for many
years to come and they may reasonably expect new services to
become available. New non-ISDN service requirements are therefore
developing in parallel with ISDN services;

(e) that to facilitate transfer of users from the PSTN to the ISDN, non-
ISDN services may need to conform, whenever possible, to the ISDN
services,

proposes the question:

What new Recommendations and changes to the existing
Recommendations for both ISDN and non-ISDN services are required
and what new services should be specified?

Note 1 - Study of this Question will require close liaison with other
Study
Groups.

Note 2 - Finalization of existing stage 1 service descriptions requires
further work and includes the changes resulting from the iterative
process as other Study Groups complete their stages 2 and 3 work.

Note 3 - Identification of new basic and supplementary services should
take account of current and future market demands and the
capabilities of the network.

Note 4 - To identify the requirement for and specify any changes
needed to existing Recommendations to allow interworking with data
and mobile networks.

Note 5 - Preparation of complete stage 1 service descriptions for new
services is part of the work under this Question.

Note 6 - The scope of this Question will provide the authority to amend
existing Recommendations on, for example: stage 1 description format,
general items such as the definition of busy in an ISDN, Terminal
Compatibility issues, etc.

Note 7 - Guidance should be prepared for other Study Groups as to the
association of supplementary services with basic services.

Note 8 - The term "service" throughout this paper has been used to
cover Bearer Services, Teleservices and their associated
supplementary services/facilities.

Introductory note to Questions 27/I to 32/I

Relationships among draft Questions 27/I to 32/I (Human Factors)

a) Introduction

When the Questions regarding human factors for study during the
period 1989-1992 were defined, it was necessary to compromise
between absolutely sharp borders between the Questions for one thing
and an attempt to reach a reasonably equal distribution of work-load on
the different Rapporteurs for another thing. The intercession with this
contribution is to give some guidelines regarding what Questions new
contributions should be addressed, and also some practical rules to the
sharing of work-load between the different Rapporteurs and their
eventual ad hoc Groups.

b) Question borderlines

Questions 27/I and 32/I are to be seen as umbrella Questions to cover
all PSTN and ISDN services ranging from those already in existence to
those proposed for introduction at some time in the future. For the sake
of distinguishing between Questions 27/I and 32/I, it has been decided
that Question 27/I should deal with services already existing in the
network (on a field trial basis or small dedicated networks) whilst
Question 32/I will deal with services as yet to be introduced.

In practice, the Rapporteurs for Questions 27/I and 32/I will
continuously
coordinate distribution of the work, and Working Party meetings will be
organized so that simultaneous meetings of Questions 27 and 32 will be
avoided wherever possible.

Questions 28/I to 31/I should be regarded as dealing with detailed
elements of the services considered by Questions 27/I and 32/I.

============================================================
Question 27/I - Providing customer satisfaction and efficiency when
using world-wide telecommunications
(revision and continuation of Question 7/II,
1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that customer difficulties and errors in using the international
automatic telephone network can produce economic losses resulting
from customer confusion and dissatisfaction;

(b) that it is necessary to test the effectiveness of some of the
existing
Recommendations and to keep them up to date;

(c) that some new voice (and non-voice) services with international
implications may give rise to customer problems, interfering with the
success of those services;

(d) that the ISDN may lead to changes in the traditional procedures for
using the PSTN or its equivalent in the ISDN;

(e) that interworking between networks may present difficulties to
customers;

(f) that many national ISDN trials are in progress or will be conducted
during the study period;

and furthermore, considering

(g) that human factors and the concept of usability of human-system
interfaces is of prime importance for users, administrations and
manufacturers;

(h) that usability measures would aid in the avoidance of user
difficulties by improving the design of services;

(i) that usability is composed of several independently measured
parameters, the most important of which are: error rates, performance
time, learnability and subjective assessment;

(j) that in other areas of human factors (e.g., human-computer
interaction) studies have been carried out leading to some usability
measures;

the following issues should be addressed:

i) detect and remedy significant customer difficulties in the PSTN;

ii) anticipate and avoid significant customer difficulties arising from
the
introduction of the ISDN (e.g., through data gathered in ISDN trials);

iii) recommend methods for providing assistance to users during
communications sessions;

iv) maintain and improve existing Recommendations dealing with
customer performance (e.g., E.120, E.122, E.123, E.124, E.125, E.126,
E.127, E.128);

v) make or amend Recommendations on existing and new services to
reduce difficulties with services operating internationally;

and furthermore,

vi) How can such methodologies be developed and validated as reliable
measures?

vii) To what extent should such a methodology be applied to the
evaluation of user interfaces to telecommunications services available
via the ISDN?

viii) What measurement methodology of usability is the most
appropriate for standardization?

============================================================
Question 28/I - Symbols, pictograms, and keypad layout
(revision and continuation of Question 8/II and
incorporation of Question 13/II from 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that symbols and pictograms can be considered as an effective
means for improving customer performance in the world-wide
telecommunication services by facilitating the access to these services
and by simplifying their use;

(b) that investigations during earlier study periods have led to the
standardization of symbols and pictograms for various fields of
application;

(c) that technological developments, especially ISDN, are leading to
new equipment and new services, both for voice and non-voice
applications, for which symbolic representations might be helpful;

(d) that international standardization organizations other than CCITT
are engaged in the development of symbols that may be encountered in
a telecommunications environment;

(e) that agreements regarding harmonization of the layout of numeric
keypads, which were reached with ISO and IEC during the study period
1985-1988, require continuing liaison with these bodies;

(f) that there is a growing need for an internationally standardized
system of signs to direct users to public telecommunication facilities
and to indicate types of services and the means of payment accepted;

(g) that there is a growing need for an internationally standardized
system of symbols and pictograms to instruct users of new types of
public payphones, particularly cardphones,

the following Questions should be answered

1. How can pictograms and symbols be used in instructional material,
directories, user guides, etc?

2. What guidelines should be adhered to when two or more symbols or
pictograms are combined to convey a single meaning?

3. What symbols may be used for new equipment and services both for
voice and non-voice applications?

4. What continuing studies and consultations with ISO and IEC are
needed to promote standardization of layout of keypads for numeric
and function keys?

5. What symbols or pictograms are needed to direct users to public
telephone facilities and to indicate the types of services and the means
of payment accepted?

6. What pictographic instructions should be recommended for use on
or near payphones, especially cardphones. This activity will require
close collaboration with Question 31/I (Question 12/II in the 1985-1988
period)?

7. What symbols and pictograms are needed to assist the handicapped
in the use of telecommunication services?

8. What other activities are needed to maintain and improve Recom-
mendations E.121 and E.161?

============================================================
Question 29/I - Customer control procedures in the PSTN and the ISDN
(revision and continuation of Question 9/II
from 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that customer performance of basic and supplementary services in
the PSTN and the ISDN depends in part on satisfactory user control
procedures;

(b) that some services in the ISDN may be controlled from various
locations;

(c) that terminals may be portable;

(d) that in the ISDN new kinds of information may need to be given by
the user to the network;

(e) that customers who travel will be less inconvenienced if the
important elements of control procedures do not change from one
country to another;

(f) that control procedures should be optimized in order to avoid
customer difficulties and the resulting economic losses;

(g) that Recommendations E.131 and E.132 were issued to limit
proliferation of control procedure differences for supplementary
services in the PSTN;

(h) that a uniform interpretation of control procedure descriptions will
facilitate the standardization of these procedures;

(i) that interworking will for many years be commonplace between
ISDN and other networks, particularly the PSTN and PDNs;

(j) that customers may be required to provide personal identification;

(k) that draft Recommendation E.331 remains to be completed,

the following Questions should be answered:

1. What elements of customer control procedures for supplementary
services in the PSTN and ISDN should be standardized (described with
use of the specification and description language SDL, if applicable and
helpful)?

2. What principles should be recommended to govern the way services
may be controlled from various locations?

3. What Recommendations are needed to ensure optimal procedures
for ISDN services?

4. What procedures should be recommended to ensure optimal
usability of interworking networks?

5. What minimum procedures can be recommended for setting up ISDN
calls (incomplete draft Recommendation E.331)? (Annexed).

ANNEX

(to Question 29/I)

Draft Recommendation E.331

MINIMUM USER-TERMINAL INTERFACE FOR
ENTERING ADDRESSES INTO AN ISDN TERMINAL

1. General

1.1 Intent

This Recommendation is intended to achieve a degree of world-wide
uniformity in the basic procedure for inputting destination numbers to
an ISDN terminal. It is intended to cover the long-term requirements
rather than to meet intermediate, changeover needs, and it provides for
the same procedure for the two kinds of signalling: functional
signalling
between the terminal and the switch, and stimulus signalling between
the user and the switch (as in the PSTN).

1.2 Background

The customer using a PSTN terminal communicates directly with a
switching machine, but a customer using an ISDN terminal with
functional signalling communicates with the terminal, which delivers
appropriate access- signalling messages to a switch in a different form
from that used between user and terminal (see Figure 1/E.331.)

FIGURE 1/E.331

The relationship of dialling plan and numbering
plan when functional signalling is used

There are many ways by which a user could interact with a terminal to
make his intentions known to it; they will, in practice, vary according
to
features provided and to cost.

The minimum procedures specified here are suitable for use with a
terminal with a dialling  capacity of ten digits and a star (*) and a
square (#), i.e., the signalling ability of a push-button telephone with
tone signalling.

Minimum procedural requirements are in no way intended to preclude
taking advantage of opportunities for new or varied communication
services, or the design of intelligent terminals, or the design of
cooperative procedures for user control. They are intended to allow the
establishment of connections without regard to the type of terminal,
and to achieve as much similarity as possible between different
countries of origination. Application is primarily but not exclusively
aimed at terminals supporting single services, usually voice services.

1.3 Underlying principles

Some aspects of the ISDN, notably the openness of the numbering plan,
the possibility for subaddresses, and the existence of functional
signalling require users to do some things in ways different from how
they are done in the PSTN. However, it is possible and desirable to
preserve some aspects of using the PSTN, and this Recommendation
attempts to do this as it aims at the following goals:

a) unifying the basic MMI procedures world-wide for establishing calls
from ISDN terminals;

b) exercising basic control through the equivalent of the 12-button
telephone pad;

c) assisting in a smooth transition from PSTN to ISDN by preserving
where possible and convenient a similarity to the procedures of the
PSTN; in particular, by allowing a user to set up a simple voice call
with
a procedure differing as little as possible from that used for the same
purpose in the PSTN, and by maintaining a positioning analogy between
the information associated with a destination number and the national
uses of prefixes in the PSTN;

d) having procedures bear a visible relationship to the ISDN numbering
plan;

e) minimizing the number of control actions needed and making it
reasonably easy to remember what to do;

f) having the same procedure for functional signalling (where the
terminal translates into Q.931 protocols) able to serve also for
stimulus
signalling (where the switch makes the translation).

In specifying the basic procedure, this Recommendation recognizes
that an agreed set of principles does not necessarily lead different
people to the same solution, even though one of the principles be that a
single solution is desirable.

2. Minimum terminal capability

2.1 This Recommendation defines a minimum procedure that can be
applied to a terminal having the ability to receive as input the ten
decimal digits and the star (*) and the square (#).

2.2 The minimum procedure enables the user to specify, for an intended
connection:

a) the destination number;

b) the destination sub-address, if any;

c) the numbering plan identification (NPI), if the destination number is
not an ISDN number;

d) the type of number, if necessary.

Future study should add to this list the ability to select a carrier.

2.3 The minimum procedure does not provide for user input of data for
every field required for ISDN addressing. Default values for some fields
must be assigned by the terminal in the case of functional signalling,
or by the switch in the case of stimulus signalling.

3. Numbering Plan Identification (NPI)

3.1 If the called number is in the same numbering plan as the
originating
terminal no NPI need be indicated by the user. The absence of an NPI
should be taken to mean a number in the same numbering plan as the
network to which the terminal is connected.

3.2 The NPI should be indicated, if at all, by a single digit followed
by a star (*)

The recommended digits are:

1for the ISDN/Telephony numbering plan (E.164/E.163)

3for the Data numbering plan (X.121)

4for the Telex numbering plan (F.69)

0for numbering plan unknown

8for a national numbering plan

9for a private numbering plan

Here are two possible alternatives for section 3.2.

3.2 The NPI should be indicated, if at all, by a single digit followed
by a star (*). The digits to be used are for further study.

or

3.2 The NPI should be indicated, if at all, by a single digit followed
by a
star (*). The digits to be used are a national matter.

3.3 The NPI, when input, precedes both TON and the called number.

Note 1 - A separator is used after the NPI to avoid reserving a digit
that
could not be used to start an E.164/E.163 number.

Note 2 - It is expected, that except when the originating terminal is
behind a PBX, the need to indicate a different numbering plan will be
infrequent.

4. Type of number (TON)

4.1 The type of number (TON) should be indicated, if necessary, by up to
three digits; whether or not the choice of digits is a national matter
is
for further study (the following notes would apply if the choice were a
national matter):

Note 1 - Since no character is used to delimit the TON, it should start
with a digit that is not used to start a national E.164/E.163 number.

Note 2 - It is anticipated that administrations will choose to indicate
TONs for international number, national number, and network-specific
number with the same digits that are used as prefixes for analogous
purposes in their PSTNs.

4.2 The absence of a TON should be taken to mean a local subscriber
number.

4.3 The indication of TON should follow the NPI (if any) and precede the
called number.

5. Sub-address and end of dialling

5.1 The start of a dialled sub-address is indicated by a star (or by two
stars: see section 5.5).

5.2 The end of a dialled address (including sub-address, if any: see
Figure 2/E.331) is indicated by a square.

5.3 The sub-address of a terminal intended to be accessible from simple
terminals should contain only digits.

5.4 If dialling stops without the terminating square, the necessary
decision on how to respond and the interval between the last input and
this decision are national matters.

5.5 There are two types of sub-address, user-specified sub-address and
NSAP sub-address, defined by Recommendation I.334. Thus Type of
Sub-address (TOSA), defined by Q.931, or an appropriate distinction of
sub-address, is necessary. The start of an NSAP sub-address is
indicated by two stars, and of a user specified sub-address by one
star .

Note 1 - The square is recommended as an end-of-message character
in Recommendation E.132.

Note 2 - Because of the possible input of a sub-address, a terminal
cannot determine from numbering plan information alone (e.g., fixed-
length numbers) that input has ended.

6. Carrier selection

Where carrier selection is offered, it is desirable that the basic
procedure provide a method for the user to make this selection. This is
a matter for future study.

7. Summary

7.1 The NPI followed by a star should be dialled first, if necessary.

7.2 The type of number should be dialled next, if necessary.

7.3 The address number should be input next, including one or two stars
to begin a sub-address if present, and ending with the terminator
square. Two stars are used if a sub-address is an NSAP sub-address,
one star if it is a user- specified sub-address.

7.4 The general sequence is illustrated in Figure 2/E.331, with examples
of particular sequences in Figures 3 to 7/E.331. In these figures, a
national destination code (NDC) in an ISDN number is analogous to a
trunk code or area code in a PSTN number.

7.5 A method for selecting a carrier is for future study.

FIGURE 2/E.331

The general sequence, illustrated with an ISDN number

Note - It would be seldom, if ever, that every part of this sequence
were
input for a single connection.

1  For the terminating #, "always signalled" means either the # is
signalled,  or that the termination of dialling is deduced by a terminal
or switch.  This interpretation is applicable to the # throughout
Figures 2 to 7/E.331.

FIGURE 3/E.331

Calling a number in the Data numbering plan (X.121)

FIGURE 4/E.331

Calling a local ISDN number without a sub-address

FIGURE 5/E.331

Calling a local ISDN number with an NSAP sub-address

FIGURE 6/E.331

Calling a long-distance national PSTN number

FIGURE 7/E.331

Calling an international ISDN number with a user-specified sub-address

============================================================
Question 30/I - User indications in the PSTN and the ISDN
(new Question combines parts of Questions 9/II
and 11/II from 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that subscriber indications in the PSTN and ISDN might take the form
of tones, announcements or visual signals;

(b) that standard indications would help reduce customer errors;

(c) that the tones recommended for telephone service and their
applications appear in the E.180-Series of Recommendations;

(d) that the ISDN may provide the opportunity for more meaningful
international standardization of indications to customers;

(e) that within the ISDN there are many more items of information
transmitted than in the PSTN (information concerning network states,
progress of connection attempts, etc.) and that much of this information
could be useful to the customer under certain circumstances;

(f) that in the ISDN there is a separation of signalling and
communication;

(g) that the most suitable way of presenting information to the user
depends on the terminal being used;

(h) that system response times affect Quality of Service,

the following questions should be answered:

1. What further user indications should be standardized for services
provided through the PSTN and ISDN?

2. What indications should be provided to the user in the ISDN, under
what circumstances, and with what kinds of terminal?

3. What are the best ways to bring progress and status information to
the user, and what opportunities are there for doing so?

4. What indications are required for a passive bus configuration (e.g.
the case where several compatible terminals share one ISDN number)?

5. What are the human factors of system response times affecting
Quality of Service ?

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Question 31/I - Human factors aspects of access to voice and
non-voice services using public terminals (continuation and
revision of Question 12/II from 1985-1988)

Considering

(a) that access to telephone and Telematic services through public
terminals can be facilitated by careful attention to human factors
issues;

(b) that user difficulties cause dissatisfaction, impairment of the
Quality
of Service, and loss of revenue;

(c) that public terminals are designed and constructed mainly according
to national requirements, which differ between countries;

(d) that harmonization of terminals and user procedures can reduce
difficulties in using publicly accessed services;

(e) that harmonization of terminals and user procedures allows uniform
instructions and other assistance to be developed;
(f) that harmonization of terminals and user procedures would benefit
from a uniform interpretation of their descriptions;
(g) that the ISDN will permit a substantial increase in the number and
type of services available to users through public terminals;

(h) that handicapped or disabled persons may face special difficulties
in
using public terminals;

(i) that Recommendation E.133 has been developed to harmonize basic
aspects of user procedures for card-operated payphones
(cardphones),

the following questions should be answered:

1. What Recommendations are needed to harmonize operating
procedures (described with use of specification and description
language (SDL), if applicable and helpful) for voice and non-voice
public
terminals (e.g. cardphones, public Telefax, ISDN public terminals)?

2. What assistance to the user is needed at the terminal to facilitate
ease of use? With respect to pictograms, symbols and pictographic
instructions, this activity will require close collaborative work with
Question 28/I.

3. What Recommendations are needed to promote easy use of public
terminals by handicapped or disabled persons?

4. What information is needed to understand the scope and magnitude
of human factors considerations influencing the use of public
terminals?
[Circulation of a questionnaire to obtain the necessary information may
facilitate this process.]

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Question 32/I - Human factors issues of new and updated voice and
non-voice telecommunications services
(new Question)

Considering

(a) that there is continual design and development of new
telecommunications services;

(b) that it is the intention of this Question both to encourage the
development of innovative technology and to avoid constraining one
design of new equipment;

(c) that existing telecommunication services are subject to updating and
enhancement;

(d) that all such services may be either voice or non-voice (e.g.
picture,
data or text) or a combination thereof;

(e) that some new services will arise from the design and development
of new telecommunications equipment (video-telephones, facsimile,
etc.);

(f) that customers will be required to operate such new equipment in
order to access or utilize new or updated services;

(g) that in order to minimize customer difficulties and maximize
customer satisfaction, due consideration should be made to human
factors aspects of the design, development and implementation of new
or updated services,

the following questions should be answered:
1. What new or updated telecommunications services and procedures
can be identified requiring human factors studies? (Note 1)

2. What are the human factors requirements of such new or updated
telecommunications services and what Recommendations are needed?

3. What are the human factors requirements of any new user
interfaces that can be identified and studied in order to ensure that
they can be made easy to use and what Recommendations are
needed?

4. What measures can be taken to harmonize CCITT studies with
forthcoming standards from ISO/TC 159 (Ergonomics) and with the IEC?

Note 1 - Close liaison with other Working Parties and Study Groups
should be maintained in order to identify human factors issues in new
or updated telecommunications services.
Note 2 - "User interface" is the human interface to various
telecommunications components, including equipment, instructions,
services and systems.

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Question 33/I - Computerized information service for telephone
subscriber numbers in foreign countries (Directory
Assistance), reserved for operators
(continuation of Question 2/II examined during the
1977-1980, 1981-1984 and 1985-1988 study periods)

The study of the organization and operation at the international level
of
an information service using interconnected computers should be
pursued under this Question. The trials in progress should continue and
an effort should be made to extend them to other administrations and
RPOAs operating or planning to operate a computerized telephone
information service during the 1989-1992 study period.

Accordingly, administrations and RPOAs should be consulted as to their
intentions of, and prospects for, collaborating in the trials now under
way since the practical trials have clearly demonstrated that the
application of Recommendation E.115 can yield promising results as
regards the operational quality of the international information
service,
from the point of view of both improving the work of operators and
drastically reducing answer times. This would mean a considerable
increase in the Quality of Service provided to subscribers.

It is, however, indispensable to have the trials carried out by a larger
number of countries since the results of the practical trials are
considered indispensable for the purpose of improving the text of
Recommendation E.115 as applied in real conditions (see Annex 2
to the Question for schedule of practical tests).

Note - The problem of the exact native spelling of the locality (see
Recommendation E.115) shall be one of the items for further studies on
the Question.

The results of such practical tests relating to the technical, data
processing, economic and social aspects of the service should be
submitted as contributions for the study of Question 33/I.

Annex to the Question

During study period 1985-1988, administrations were asked to supply
information on their present or future telephone information services.
These data are reproduced in the table (Annex 1) to the present
Question.

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Question 34/I - International telecommunication credit card service
(continuation of Question 4/II, amended, studied during
the 1985-1988 study period)

Considering

(a) that revised Recommendation E.116 and new Recommendations
E.118 and E.117 have now been approved by the CCITT Plenary
Assembly;

(b) that consequently, new credit cards have now been standardized
for use in automated and non-automated systems, their use is growing
and should be promoted;

(c) that the use of the credit card is being extended to countries other
than the country of issue;

(d) that a single card numbering system will evolve by the end of the
1989-1992 Plenary period;

(e) that there is a need to improve validation procedures and promote
the establishment of and communication among appropriate data
bases;

(f) that signalling and other interworking requirements between
administrations will need to be specified;

(g) the rapid development of new technology and services;

(h) the need for close coordination with Study Groups responsible for
human factors, tariff, accounting, billing, collecting, signalling, data
transmission and other service matters,

What new or revised Recommendations are necessary to further
progress the international telecommunication credit card service?

Points to be included in the study of this Question are:

1. the development of a single international telecommunication
services credit card;

2. the possible merging of Recommendations E.116 and E.118;

3. procedures to improve validity and security of credit cards;

4. procedures for timely exchange of billing and related information;

5. revised instructions for operators;

6. guidance to administrations on bilateral or multilateral service
agreements;

7. requirements for interfacing among administrations with credit card
systems;

8. arrange appropriate means to exchange information amongst the
administrations concerned;

9. impace of new card technology;

10. use of commercial credit cards.

"Dialling" normally means signalling directly to a switch with a rotary
or  push-button dial; in this Recommendation the
word is used to mean either  this or pushing the dial-pad buttons of a
terminal to instruct that  terminal.

NPI was formerly known in the Red Book as Numbering/Addressing Plan
Infomation (NAPI).

These digits are the decimal equivalents of the NPI as specified in
Recommendation I.451/Q.931.

Type of number (TON) was formerly known in the Red Book as Type of
address  (TOA).

It is essential for the user to know the type of sub-address: how to

This will require liaison with other Study Groups, i.e. II, VII, VIII,
XI,  and XVIII.
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