Recommendation E.710
ISDN TRAFFIC REQUIREMENTS OVERVIEW
1	Introduction
	This Recommendation outlines the general consideration in modelling traffic flows in ISDNs. More detailed descriptions for specific services and significant points1) in the network are given in Recommendations of the E.710 Series as follows:
E.711 – User Demand
E.712 – User Plane Traffic Models
E.713 – Control Plane Traffic Models
E.714 – Management Plane Traffic Models.
	Additional Recommendations in this Series will be developed in the future to reflect ISDN developments.
	Note – Recommendations E.712 and E.714 are for further study.
2	Context
	ISDN concepts, services and networks are described in the Series I Recommendations. The E.710 Series of Recommendations have been developed consistent with the approach. However, the grouping of material in the E.710 Series concentrates on the important aspects from a traffic point of view of ISDN operations in the immediate future.
	An important modelling technique used to represent ISDN capabilities is the layered architecture described in Recommendations I.310 and I.320. The E.710 Series have been developed using this approach. At present the E.710 Series concentrates on lower layer (1–3) traffic flows. Higher layer traffic flows are for further study.
	The user plane/control plane perspectives described in Recommendation I.320 have been used to provide two separate traffic models in Recommendations E.712 and E.713. Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that many traffic engineering procedures described in subsequent E.700 Recommendations require incorporating traffic loads from both planes using the same resources. The influence of the management plane is for further study.
	The ISDN reference connections used in the E.710 Series are those given in Recommendation E.701.
3	User demand
	ISDN users have various needs for information transfer. The user and his terminal equipment transform these needs into a series of call demands for available ISDN services. These transformations involve many functions including coding, and peer–to–peer and inter–layer protocols. The higher layer functions are not analysed in the E.710 Series.
	Recommendation E.711 starts from the expression by the user of a call demand to use the ISDN services defined in Recommendations I.230 and I.240. Corresponding traffic variables including the number of attempts per call demand are derived for the relevant attributes of each service.
4	User plane
	In the user plane the attributes of some ISDN services give rise to additional traffic parameters beyond those used in telephony. Based on the user models of Recommendation E.711, Recommendation E.712 will be developed in the future to derive traffic models for each basic ISDN service using a common set of parameters that applies to all services.
5	Control plane
	Each attempt from a terminal will result in signalling messages in the control plane. The number of messages and their length are highly dependent on:
–	protocols (S.S. No. 7 and Q.931 digital access);
–	call disposition (including user facilities);
–	originating and terminating subscriber equipment configurations (e.g. overlap sending).
	Control plane traffic models given in Recommendation E.713.
6	Further developments
	The preceding sections of this Recommendation and the Recommendations of the E.710 Series concentrate on those services and facilities which will predominate in the first ISDNs to be implemented.
	However, the ISDN concepts include the inherent possibility of developing completely new services and functions in response to changing user needs. This will result in new traffic situations that will need to be covered in the E.710 Series. Some of the situations which can be anticipated are:
–	the impact of supplementary services, such as call waiting, on control plane traffic;
–	new ISDN capabilities such as statistical switching and dynamic allocation;
–	connectionless communications;
–	the impact of user–to–user signalling;
–	the impact of multipresentation type calls, and simultaneous use of different interactive and distribution services, involving multi–slot and multipoint connections, and broadcast mode.