.rs
.\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
.\"                 Not Copyright ( c) 1991 
.\"
.\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
.TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
.ds CH
.ds CF
.EQ
delim @@
.EN
.nr LL 40.5P
.nr ll 40.5P
.nr HM 3P
.nr FM 6P
.nr PO 4P
.nr PD 9p
.po 4P

.rs
\v | 5i'
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.20\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBAUTOMATIC\ CLEARING\ PROCEDURE\ FOR\ A\ TELEX\ TERMINAL\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.20''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.20	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1980; amended at Melbourne, 1988)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	The\ CCITT,
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIconsidering\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
(a) 
that new equipment should be capable of automatic
performance of functions that would normally require an operator;
.PP
(b) 
that those operator functions that involve repetitive work or idle waiting 
on the part of an operator should be considered most 
immediately for automation of a terminal;
.PP
(c) 
that one of the most straightforward operator functions
that could benefit from automatic assistance is the clearing of a call;
.PP
(d) 
that conditions for automatic establishments of calls are laid down in 
Recommendation\ U.40\ [1] whereas this Recommendation assumes that an operator 
is present to initiate the calling condition, 
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIunanimously recommends\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
that the following procedure should be adopted for new equipment to assist 
operators by automatically providing a clearing down procedure 
following automatic transmission of a message.
.PP
\fB1\fR 
The activation of this automatic procedure should be under
the control of the operator, so that either manual control, or automatic
control, can be selected according to the requirements of a particular call.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB2\fR 
It is assumed that connection to the desired subscriber has
already been established, and that the correctness of this connection has 
been confirmed by examination of the answer\(hyback sequence received from 
the called subscriber. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB3\fR 
It is also assumed that the message to be transmitted is
ready for release to line via the automatic transmitter.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB4\fR 
The subsequent procedure may be described as a series of
steps as follows:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	a)
	Operate the special control that initiates the following
automatic transmission and clearing procedure.
.LP
	b)
	(Optional, according to national requirements). The
equipment transmits a WRU\ signal in order to obtain a sample of the answer\(hyback 
sequence of the called subscriber. This sequence is stored for subsequent 
checking.
.LP
	\fINote\fR \ \(em\ If step b) is not implemented it may be desirable to
modify the subsequent procedure. For example, step\ h) may also be eliminated, 
with corresponding changes to step\ g) and step\ k). Also, if this check 
procedure is not considered to be necessary, it may be desirable to reduce 
the period of alarm in step\ m) to less than 30\ seconds before the terminal 
automatically clears the call.
.LP
	c)
	Automatic transmission is started.
.LP
	d)
	 At any time, automatic transmission may be stopped by either the detection 
of incoming teleprinter signals or the forced clearing of the 
call. In the latter case an alarm should be given and then the call should 
be re\(hyestablished by the operator. However, if the connection is still 
established but the automatic transmission has stopped, an alarm should 
be given to the 
operator. If the alarm is cleared by the operator within 30\ seconds, proceed 
to step\ n) else step\ m). Automatic transmission may be resumed after 
a delay of\ 1 second. If the transmission includes a TDM system with loop 
back facilities, 
(refer to Recommendation\ R.101, \(sc\ 3.6.2\ b)), this condition may continue 
for a period of\ 5 to\ 7 seconds. 
.bp
.LP
	e)
	 The end of automatic transmission is detected locally by the tape\(hyout 
contacts of the tape reader, or by the recognition of 
the transmission of an end of message pattern or by other means
arranged within the terminal.
.LP
	f
)
	The terminal then automatically transmits the
combinations No.\ 30\ (figure\(hyshift) and No.\ 4\ (WRU) and awaits reception 
of 
the called subscriber's answer\(hyback.
.LP
	g)
	 If the called subscriber's answer\(hyback is received in less than six\ 
seconds the terminal immediately follows it by step\ h), 
otherwise it proceeds to step\ k).
.LP
	h)
	 If the received answer\(hyback code is the same as the stored answer\(hyback 
(step\ b) the terminal makes step\ i), otherwise it 
proceeds to step\ l).
.LP
	i)
	The terminal transmits its own answer\(hyback signal.
.LP
	j)
	 A clearing signal is initiated, and maintained until a clear confirm 
signal is recognized. This is followed by assumption of 
the free line condition.
.LP
	k)
	If the called subscriber's answer\(hyback is not received
within six seconds, or if it differs in more than one character from
that stored in step\ b), then step\ f
), the transmission of
figure\(hyshift and WRU is repeated once more. If this results in
the reception of a called subscriber's answer\(hyback that is
identical with that stored in step\ b), then the terminal
proceeds to step\ i), otherwise to step\ l).
.LP
	l)
	An alarm is operated to attract an operator's attention.
This alarm may be the same as that used for combination\ No.\ 10 (Bell)
or it may be a separate alarm provided for the purpose.
.LP
	m)
	 If the operator does not cancel the alarm and restore manual control 
of the terminal functions within 30\ seconds, the 
terminal moves to step\ i), sending its own answer\(hyback and
automatically clearing the call.
.LP
	n)
	Having waited for a period of at least\ 7 seconds from the
commencement of the alarm, the operator should send carriage return, line 
feed then a WRU signal. This delay is necessary to allow TDM systems with 
loop back to restore to normal or choose an alternative bearer (refer to 
Recommendation\ R.101, \(sc\ 3.6.2\ b)). If the called party's answer back is
correctly received, the tape should be reset after giving a further carriage
return and line feed.
.LP
	Automatic transmission can again be started.
.PP
\fB5\fR Clearing of a broadcast call shall be in accordance with
Recommendation\ U.44.
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
	\fBReference\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIReactions by automatic terminals connected to\fR 
\fIthe telex network in the event of ineffective call attempts or signalling\fR 
\fIincidents\fR , Rec.\ U.40.
\v'6p'
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.21\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBUSE\ OF\ \fR \fBDISPLAY\ SCREENS\ IN\ TELEX\ MACHINES\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.21''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.21	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1980)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	The\ CCITT,
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIconsidering\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
(a) 
that any terminal machine connected to the telex network should meet the 
basic operational and technical requirements laid down in 
Recommendations\ F.60\ [1], S.3, S.4, S.6, S.8 and\ S.9;
.PP
(b) 
that a visual display screen facilitates message
preparation and automatic calling in the telex service;
.PP
(c) 
that it is important that the operator should not be
interrupted in his work of preparing messages by an incoming call, except 
that the operator may need to be alerted if combination\ No.\ 10 in figure 
case in 
International Telegraph Alphabet\ No.\ 2 is received on the incoming line;
.bp
.PP
(d) 
that customer confidence in correct delivery of a telexed message requires 
that all signals sent or received by a telex terminal should be recorded 
in a permanent form, 
.sp 2P
.LP
\fIunanimously declares the following views\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
\fB1\fR Transmission of the answer\(hyback should be in accordance with
Recommendations\ S.6 and\ S.9.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB2\fR It is essential that any telex terminal include a printer that
records at least all the signals sent or received on the line. Such signals 
do not necessarily need to be presented on the display screen. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB3\fR It should be possible to transmit a message prepared on the
screen automatically to line and simultaneously to the local printer.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB4\fR When a call is received, the operator should be able to prepare
or to continue preparing a message by means of the keyboard, the display 
screen and, possibly, storage equipment. All characters received from or 
transmitted to line should be printed. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB5\fR The format and content of the message appearing on the screen
should be identical to those that will subsequently appear on the page 
copy of the calling and called subscriber's printers. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB6\fR All the lines on the screen, except in a possible reserved area, 
should be available to display a message. This message may be 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	a)
	a message being prepared;
.LP
	b)
	a message already stored in a memory;
.LP
	c)
	a message incoming from the line.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ In cases a) and b) the screen should constitute a
\fIwindow\fR that the operator can move line by line over the message or 
the stored part of the message. It is highly desirable that the movement 
of the \fIwindow\fR over the message should stop automatically when there 
are no more stored characters, the last recorded line being visible at 
the top of the screen. 
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In case c) it is desirable that:
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	 the message received, apart from being printed, can be stored in the 
memory at the end of the call; 
.LP
	\(em
	that the operator can converse with his correspondent, all
the characters transmitted or received being visible on the screen.
.PP
\fB7\fR A reserved area of the screen, where the operator cannot write
anything, may be set aside in order to warn the operator:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	a)
	that the memory is almost exhausted; or
.LP
	b)
	that the visible portion of the message does not include
the beginning of the message.
.PP
\fB8\fR The display screen and its memory should employ a line length of 
69\ printing characters. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This number of characters may not be strictly equivalent 
to the number sent to line, because the code used in the memory may not 
be the one used in telex calls. 
.PP
\fB9\fR It is very important that it should be possible to erase the
message only at the command of the operator and not automatically at the 
end of transmission, so that the operator can send the same message to 
other 
addressees.
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
	\fBReference\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIOperational provisions for the international\fR 
\fItelex service\fR , Rec.\ F.60.
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.22\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fB\*QCONVERSATION\ IMPOSSIBLE\*U\ AND\ OR\ PRE\(hyRECORDED\ MESSAGE\ \ IN\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.22''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.22	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBRESPONSE\ TO\ J/BELL\ SIGNALS\ FROM\ A\ TELEX\ TERMINAL\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1980; amended at Melbourne, 1988)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	The\ CCITT,
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIconsidering\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
(a) 
that conventional telex terminals incorporate a facility that allows an 
operator at one end of an established connection to attract the attention 
of an operator at the other end, this being achieved by transmitting J/BELL 
(combination No.\ 10 in International Telegraph Alphabet\ No.\ 2) in figure 
case; 
.PP
(b) 
that technological developments and changing customer
requirements have led to the introduction of the 
page\(hyprinting,
receive\(hyonly, telex terminal
, which, because of the absence of a keyboard,  makes any 
conversational mode
of operation impossible;
.PP
(c)
that this limitation is not indicated to a calling station at the time 
the connection is established and may well result in wasted circuit time 
through attempts to establish contact with the called station via the 
J/BELL facility;
.PP
(d)
that 
automatic calling and/or answering terminals
employing data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit terminating equipment 
(DCE), in accordance with Recommendation\ S.16, are unlikely to have a 
conversational mode of operation;
.PP
(e) 
that technological developments and changing operational requirements may 
lead to the retention of messages in storage until a suitable opportunity 
to print\(hyout arises; 
.PP
(f
)
that it may be useful for called subscribers, who do not anticipate conversing 
with the calling subscriber, either because 
conversation is impossible or for any other reason, to answer by a pre\(hyrecorded 
message, 
.sp 2P
.LP
\fIunanimously declares the following views\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
\fB1\fR 
Where a telex terminal is incapable of a conversational
mode of operation, either through the absence of a keyboard or for local
operational reasons, or if the subscriber wishes to deliver a pre\(hyrecorded
message, then it is highly desirable, at least in new equipment, that such a
terminal be able to automatically return an appropriate service signal 
sequence and/or the pre\(hyrecorded message on receipt of one or more ITA2 
combination\ No.\ 10 characters (i.e.\ BELL signals) when preceded by ITA2
combination\ No.\ 30 (i.e.\ figure\(hyshift).
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB2\fR 
The recommended sequence of signals to be returned in such
circumstances should incorporate the code expression.
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBCI\fR \ \ 
Conversation Impossible
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
in conformity with the Recommendation cited in\ [1].
.PP
\fB3\fR The complete sequence incorporating the code expression \fBCI\fR 
should have a format that corresponds with the Recommendation cited in\ 
[2], 
concerning service signals for ineffective calls, except that it should 
not be followed by the clearing signal. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB4\fR Where a pre\(hyrecorded message is to be returned, then it should 
follow the rules established in the Note of this Recommendation, and should 
not be 
followed by the clearing signal.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If conversation is impossible after the pre\(hyrecorded message is
delivered, this message should start with the \fBCI\fR conversation impossible
sequence of signals as specified in\ \(sc\(sc\ 2 and\ 3.
.bp
.PP
\fB5\fR As operators often key several repetitions of J/BELL (in
figure\(hycase) when attempting to contact a distant operator, a delay of
0.5\(hy1.0\ second should precede the transmission of the sequence described
in\ \(sc\(sc\ 2,\ 3 and\ 4 above, the delay to be measured from the stop 
element of the last J/BELL combination detected. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The length of the pre\(hyrecorded message should be
unlimited provided that a pause of\ 1 second minimum is included within the
message after every (x) characters, (the number of characters are to be
decided).
.LP
	\(em
	When conversation is impossible, the mandatory code
expression \fBCI\fR should precede and follow the pre\(hyrecorded message.
.LP
	\(em
	 No \*QWRU\*U signals should be contained within the pre\(hyrecorded message 
up to the last code expression \fBCI\fR . Triggering of the calling party's 
answerback could be initiated after the end of the pre\(hyrecorded message. 
.LP
	\(em
	No combination\ 32 signals should be contained within the
pre\(hyrecorded message.
.PP
The terminal and/or the network emitting the pre\(hyrecorded message should 
interrupt transmission immediately, when detecting modulation in the 
opposite direction.
.PP
Every pre\(hyrecorded message is not necessarily sent to the calling
party upon simple reception of the triggering signal provided in\ \(sc\ 
1 above. 
Measures can be taken at the called party to reserve it to some special
correspondents. The callers that are not qualified to receive it will then
receive only the \fBCI\fR signal provided for in\ \(sc\ 2.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
	\fBReferences\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIOperational provisions for the international\fR 
\fItelex service\fR , Rec.\ F.60, \(sc\ 4.1.
.LP
[2]
	CCITT Recommendation \fISignalling conditions to be applied in the\fR 
\fIinternational telex service\fR , Rec.\ U.1,
\(sc\ 10.1.2.
\v'1P'
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.23\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBAUTOMATIC REQUEST OF THE ANSWERBACK OF THE TERMINAL\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.23''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.23	%'
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBOF THE CALLING PARTY, BY THE TELEX TERMINAL OF\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTHE CALLED PARTY OR BY THE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Melbourne, 1988)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	The CCITT,
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIconsidering\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
(a)
that a \fItelex automatic emitting device (TAED)\fR , store and forward 
unit (SFU) or conversion facility (CF) \(em when called \(em may 
automatically request the identification of the calling party's telex terminal, 
after having supplied its own answerback; 
.PP
(b)
that a mismatch of answerback may be detected by the
calling party's terminal, or SFU or CF, if the \*QWho are you\*U from the 
called 
party's terminal immediately follows the called party's answerback at
automatic speed;
.PP
(c)
that the calling party's telex terminal, or equivalent, may commence text 
transmission on receipt of a valid answerback \fIwithout waiting\fR \fIfor 
a possible \*QWho are you\*U from the distant network\fR ; 
.PP
(d)
that corruption of text may occur if the \*QWho are you\*U from the \fIdistant 
network\fR is received when transmitting text; 
.PP
(e)
that automatic telex terminals, an SFU or CF may detect a mismatch between 
the initial answerback \(em with an integrated \*QWho are you\*U 
signal \(em and the answerback at the end of the message. In this case, the
message may be delivered several times, but the calling party could be 
advised of an unsuccessful message delivery; 
.PP
(f
)
that an Administration, or RPOA, may on an outgoing international call, 
request a second answerback, if unstandard characters, 
including an unexpected \*QWho are you\*U signal, are received at the time 
of call establishment; 
.bp
.PP
(g)
that an Administration or RPOA may not permit \*QWho are you\*U signals 
to be generated from any TAED under their control, but that future 
designs of TAEDs should be in a position to receive \*QWho are you\*U signals 
on 
originated international telex calls;
.PP
(h)
that this Recommendation recognizes that currently
implemented terminal devices are not required to conform to these provisions. 
However, there would be advantages if existing equipment complies with 
the 
requirement of this Recommendation,
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIunanimously declares the view\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
that the following procedures should be adopted as follows:
.PP
\fB1\fR Originating telex terminals (TAED), store\(hyand\(hyforward units or
conversion facilities, should use standard telex procedures, (e.g. those 
shown in Recommendation\ U.75) to identify the answerback of the called 
party from the string of characters sent from the network. Having verified 
this as being the expected answerback: 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
1.1
It should pause a minimum of\ 1.5 seconds.
.PP
1.2
If no \*QWho are you\*U signal is received during this period, it may send 
its own answerback and commence text transmission. 
.PP
1.3
In this 1.5 second period, it should be prepared to respond to a
\*QWho are you\*U signal by generating its own answerback.
.PP
1.4
If a \*QWho are you\*U signal is received, it should generate the
answerback of the calling party within 150\ milliseconds to\ 600 milliseconds 
of recognition of the \*QWho are you\*U signal (refer to Recommendation\ 
S.6). After 
the answerback has been sent, text transmission should be delayed for at
least\ 1.5 seconds. This period is to allow the terminating network sufficient 
time to examine the answerback of the calling party, and to send a further 
\*QWho are you\*U signal, if necessary. After this delay, text transmission 
may 
commence, without having to repeat the answerback of the calling party.
.PP
However, if a second \*QWho are you\*U signal is received in this\ 1.5 
second period, the terminal should send a further answerback and then commence 
text transmission. 
.PP
1.5
If signals, other than a \*QWho are you\*U signal, are received
within\ 1.5 seconds from the end of the answerback string of the called 
party, then the action to be taken is at the discretion of the calling 
party. 
.PP
1.6
An Administration, or RPOA, may, as a national matter choose to
request a second answerback from the distant network by generating a \*QWho 
are you\*U signal if: 
.LP
	a)
	 the received character string (at automatic speed) consists of more than\ 
20 characters and includes a \*QWho are you\*U signal; 
.LP
	b)
	a \*QWho are you\*U signal is received within a period less
than\ 800 milliseconds from the end of the answerback string.
.PP
\fB2\fR A terminating automatic terminal, store\(hyand\(hyforward unit (SFU),
conversion facility (CF), maritime satellite switching centre\ (MSSC) or
distant international network, when called, should react as follows:
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
2.1
The called terminal or network may return a WRU sequence to the
calling party, 800\ milliseconds after the return of the answerback string of
the called party, provided that the forward path remains idle.
.PP
2.2
It is not permitted to return the WRU sequence once the text
transmission from the calling party has commenced.
.PP
2.3
The WRU sequence may be repeated only once:
.LP
	a)
	 2 seconds after the first WRU if a response to the first WRU was not 
received; or 
.LP
	b)
	 300 milliseconds after the receipt of a sequence which could not be identified 
as a valid answerback. 
.PP
In any event, if the answerback of the calling party is not
detected correctly after two WRU attempts, the call should not be cleared by
the called party, or the distant network with the exception of called devices 
(such as a CF) which are required to capture the calling answerback for 
administration reasons.
.PP
2.4
Some Administrations or RPOAs may not allow WRU signals to be
generated from terminals in their countries.
.PP
2.5
It is preferable that one uniform procedure be developed for the
exchange of the called and calling party's answerback after the call connect
signal. The mechanism for achieving this is for further study.
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.30\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBSTANDARDIZATION\ OF\ BASIC\ MODEL\ PAGE\(hyPRINTING\ MACHINE\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.30''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.30	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBUSING\ INTERNATIONAL\ ALPHABET\ No.\ 5\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1972; amended at Geneva, 1976)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	The\ CCITT,
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIconsidering\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
(a) 
that the basic model 
page\(hyprinting machine
is
defined as having certain basic features for receiving (including printing)
and/or transmitting;
.PP
(b)
Recommendations\ T.50\ [1], V.4\ [2] and\ X.4\ [3],
.sp 2P
.LP
\fIunanimously declares the view\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
\fB1\fR The sets of graphics to be used should be either:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	 a set of 95\ characters consisting of columns\ 2 to\ 7 in the code table 
of International Alphabet\ No.\ 5 excluding the 
character\ DEL; or
.LP
	\(em
	 a smaller set of 64\ characters consisting of columns\ 2 to\ 5 of the 
code table of International Alphabet\ No.\ 5. 
.PP
If the machine is designed only for the smaller set of characters, the 
logic of the machine must be such that it prints the appropriate capital 
letters even when it receives a code combination for small letters.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The interpretation, by 64\(hycharacter machines, of 
other than 
alphabetic characters in columns\ 6 and\ 7 of the code table is at the 
discretion of Administrations for the time being. 
.RT
.PP
\fB2\fR The number of characters that the line of text of the basic
model page\(hyprinting machine may contain should be fixed at\ 80.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB3\fR To ensure the new\(hyline function on direct printing machines:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	the transmitter must send at least\ \fIn\fR characters;
.LP
	\(em
	the receiver must operate correctly on receipt of\ \fIn\fR 
characters.
.PP
For speeds up to and including 20\ characters per second,\ \fIn\fR \ =\ 4.
At\ 27.3 (corresponding to 300\ bauds) and 30\ characters per
second,\ \fIn\fR \ =\ 6. The \fIn\fR \ characters consist of:
.LP
	\(em
	one format effector CR (position\ 0/13 in International
Alphabet\ No.\ 5);
.LP
	\(em
	one format effector\ LF (position\ 0/10 in International
Alphabet\ No.\ 5);
.LP
	\(em
	the appropriate remaining number of non\(hyprinting and
non\(hycarriage moving characters (but the CR\ character is allowed);
.PP
\fB4\fR The time elapsing between the application of power to the motor
of a machine and the machine's running up to speed and being ready to receive 
or send characters should not exceed 600\ ms. Where the machine is used 
in a 
switched network, this elapsed time shall start from the instant when an
incoming call is received at the interface.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Manufacturers should endeavour to minimize this time.
.sp 2P
.LP
	\fBReferences\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIInternational Alphabet No. 5\fR ,
Rec.\ T.50.
.LP
[2]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIGeneral structure of signals of International\fR 
\fIAlphabet No. 5 code for data transmission over public telephone networks\fR 
, 
Rec.\ V.4.
.LP
[3]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIGeneral structure of signals of International\fR 
\fIAlphabet No. 5 code for data transmission over public data networks\fR ,
Rec.\ X.4.
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.31\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBTRANSMISSION\ CHARACTERISTICS\ FOR\ START\(hySTOP\ DATA\ TERMINAL\ EQUIPMENT\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.31''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.31	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBUSING\ INTERNATIONAL\ ALPHABET\ No.\ 5\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1972; amended at Geneva, 1976)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	The\ CCITT,
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIconsidering\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
(a)
that taking into account Recommendations\ T.50\ [1]
and\ X.4\ [2], this
Recommendation applies to the characteristics, from the transmission point 
of view, at the interchange point between data circuit\(hyterminating equipment 
and start\(hystop data terminal equipment using International Alphabet\ 
No.\ 5. Except where otherwise specified, \fIdata terminal equipment\fR 
in this Recommendation 
should be understood to mean \fIstart\(hystop apparatus\fR in the wide 
sense of the 
term, as defined in\ [3] i.e.\ it includes reperforators, service
signals sent by switching equipment, signals from answer\(hyback units, 
automatic transmitters,\ etc.; 
.PP
(b) 
that, bearing in mind the definition of User Class of
Service\ 1 in Recommendation\ X.1\ [4], where it is specified that a signalling
rate of 300\ bit/s, a structure of 11\ units per character and start\(hystop
operation shall be used for address selection, call progress signals and 
data transfer; 
.PP
(c) 
that the characteristics laid down below are those that
should be evident in service conditions at the interchange point between 
data terminal equipment and data circuit\(hyterminating equipment, 
.sp 2P
.LP
\fIunanimously declares the view:\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR 	\fBEquipment characteristics\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
1.1
The nominal modulation rate should be:
.LP
	a)
	300\ bauds; or
.LP
	b)
	200\ bauds.
.PP
1.2
The difference between the real mean modulation rate of the
signals when in service and the nominal rate should not exceed\ \(+- | .1%.
.PP
1.3
The nominal duration of the transmitting cycle should be at least 11\ units, 
the stop element lasting for at least 2\ units. 
.PP
1.4
The receiver must be able to translate correctly in service the
signals coming from a source that appears to have a nominal transmit cycle
equal to or greater than 10\ units.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR 	\fBTransmitter characteristics\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
2.1
The degree of gross start\(hystop distortion of transmitted
signals, measured at the interchange point between data terminal equipment 
and data circuit\(hyterminating equipment, must not exceed\ 5%. This value 
applies to all working conditions of the equipment under consideration 
encountered during normal service, whether the signals are transmitted 
separately or whether they succeed one another at the maximum rate compatible 
with the modulation rate. 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
2.2
It is recommended that the measurement should be made with a
start\(hystop distortion measuring set for two consecutive periods, each 
of about 15\ seconds (corresponding to about 1200\ transitions at 200\ 
bauds or 
1800\ transitions at 300\ bauds). Early distortion should be observed during 
one period and late distortion during the other. 
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR 	\fBReceiver characteristics\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
3.1
The effective net margin measured at the interchange point
between data terminal equipment and data circuit\(hyterminating equipment 
should not be less than\ 40% for signals corresponding to a nominal transmit 
cycle 
equal to or greater than 10\ units.
.bp
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.2
It is recommended that the measurement should be made under the
following conditions, in service:
.LP
	\(em
	11\(hyunit cycle for the signals transmitted by the measuring
apparatus;
.LP
	\(em
	use of one of the signal trains specified in
Recommendation\ S.33;
.LP
	\(em
	first test with an identical distortion rate on all
transitions of the signal train, obtained by lengthening the start
element;
.LP
	\(em
	 a second test with the same rate of identical distortion on all the transitions 
of the signal train, but obtained in this case 
by shortening the start element;
.LP
	\(em
	reading the margin when one error per test sentence is
obtained (the margin is the lesser of the two values of the
degree of distortion obtained from the two measurements);
.LP
	\(em
	 the length of the start element or of any data element must in no case 
be less than\ 50% of the theoretical unit element. 
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ It will be up to Administrations using some other
measuring method to work out for their own use figures to give equivalent
results to those which would have been obtained by the recommended
method.
.sp 2P
.LP
	\fBReferences\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIInternational Alphabet No. 5\fR ,
Rec.\ T.50.
.LP
[2]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIGeneral structure of signals of International\fR 
\fIAlphabet No. 5 code for data transmission over public data networks\fR ,
Rec.\ X.4.
.LP
[3]
	CCITT Definitions: \fIStart\(hystop apparatus\fR , Vol.\ X, Fascicle\ X.1
(Terms and Definitions).
.LP
[4]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIInternational user classes of service in\fR 
\fIpublic data networks\fR , Rec.\ X.1.
\v'1P'
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.32\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBANSWER\(hyBACK\ UNITS\fR \fB\ FOR\ 200\(hy\ AND\ 300\(hy
BAUD\fR \fB\ START\(hySTOP\ MACHINES\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.32''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.32	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBIN\ ACCORDANCE\ WITH\ RECOMMENDATION\ S.30\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1972; amended at Geneva, 1976)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	The\ CCITT,
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIconsidering\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
(a)
that start\(hystop machines are capable of receiving
communications without the aid of an operator;
.PP
(b)
that it may be necessary to verify the correct
functioning of the line and of the distant terminal equipment,
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIunanimously declares the view\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
that if the use of an automatic
answer\(hyback unit is requested, it would be advisable:
.LP
	1)
	to effect the operation of the code transmitter by the
control character\ ENQ, position\ 0/5 in the code table of International
Alphabet\ No.\ 5 (Recommendation\ T.50\ [1]);
.LP
	2)
	to compose the code\(hyemission by a series of 20\ signals, as   follows:
.LP
	1\ CR (position\ 0/13 in the code table),
.LP
	1\ LF (position\ 0/10 in the code table),
.LP
	 2\ non\(hyprinting, non\(hycarriage moving signals (but which may include\ 
CR), 
.LP
	16\ signals chosen for the subscriber comprising the
identification of the machine;
.LP
	3)
	when the code signal does not comprise 16\ characters, to
distribute them by inserting at the beginning as many fill signals (such 
as\ DEL or\ NUL) as are necessary to make up the total of 16\ signals; 
.bp
.LP
	4)
	that the answer\(hyback signals follow Recommendations\ X.4\ [2]  and\ S.31;
.LP
	5)
	 that the delay between the reception of the beginning of the start unit 
of control character\ ENQ and the beginning of the start unit of the first 
signal of the answer\(hyback sent by the machine should lie between one 
and four character periods. 
.sp 2P
.LP
	\fBReferences\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIInternational Alphabet No. 5\fR ,
Rec.\ T.50.
.LP
[2]
	CCITT Recommendation \fIGeneral structure of signals of International\fR 
\fIAlphabet No. 5 code for data transmission over public data networks\fR ,
Rec.\ X.4.
.LP
.rs
.sp 43P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE: PAGE 262 = PAGE BLANCHE\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 7
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBDEFINITIONS\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ S.140\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBDEFINITIONS\ OF\ ESSENTIAL\ TECHNICAL\ TERMS\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.140''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ S.140	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBRELATING\ TO\ APPARATUS\ FOR\ ALPHABETIC\ TELEGRAPHY\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
The definitions given below have been identified as necessary for studies 
in the field of alphabetic telegraphy apparatus. 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Sub\(hynumbers in the 721.XX.YY range signify correspondence with \fR definitions 
in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary\ (IEV) of the 
International Electrotechnical Commission\ (IEC).
.PP
Sub\(hynumbers in the 34.ZZ range signify definitions derived from
the ITU List of Definitions of Essential Telecommunications Terms.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB1\fR 	\fBfunction control\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ commande de fonction\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ instrucci\*'on de funci\*'on\fR (mando de funci\*'on)
.PP
Control of an elementary operation to be performed by a device
other than recording or printing a letter, figure, punctuation mark or 
graphic symbol contained in a \fImessage\fR or in \fIdata\fR . 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.01\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR 	\fBfunction signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal de fonction\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de funci\*'on\fR 
.PP
A set of \fIsignal elements\fR used to transmit a \fIfunction\fR 
\fIcontrol\fR .
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.02\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR 	\fBcontrol character\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ caract\*`ere de commande\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ car\*'acter de control\fR (car\*'acter de mando)
.PP
A \fIcharacter\fR whose occurrence in a particular context, initiates, 
modifies or stops an operation. 
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ A control character may be recorded for use in subsequent 
action. 
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ A control character is not a graphic character but 
may have a graphic representation in some circumstances. 
.RT
.LP
\fB721.32.03\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR 	\fBtranslation\fR (in telegraphy and data transmission)\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ traduction\fR (en t\*'el\*'egraphie et transmission de donn\*'ees)
.LP
	\fIS:\ traducci\*'on\fR (en telegraf\*'ia y transmisi\*'on de datos)
.PP
Function of a telegraph receiver in reestablishing the
text of a \fImessage\fR from the received signal, including the recording 
of the 
text.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.04\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR 	\fBselection\fR (in a telegraph receiver)
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ s\*'election\fR (en r\*'eception t\*'el\*'egraphique)
.LP
	\fIS:\ selecci\*'on\fR (en un receptor telegr\*'afico)
.PP
Primary operation of \fItranslation\fR , by which the \fIcontrol\fR 
\fIfunction\fR or the symbol to be printed or translated is chosen automatically 
or not, from the received signal. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.05\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR 	\fBlocal record\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ contr\* | le local\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ registro local\fR 
.PP
Display of a transmitted \fImessage\fR made on a receiver associated with 
the transmitting apparatus. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.06\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB7\fR 	\fBformat effector\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ commande de mise en page\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ determinante de formato\fR 
.PP
A \fIfunction control\fR used to insure a final lay\(hyout of
\fIcharacters\fR for printing or display.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.07\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB8\fR 	\fBcarriage return\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ retour du chariot\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ retroceso del carro\fR 
.PP
A \fIformat effector\fR that returns the printing or display position to 
the commencement point of the line. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.09\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB9\fR 	\fBcase shift\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ inversion\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ cambio de posici\*'on\fR (inversi\*'on)
.PP
The change over of the translating mechanism of a telegraph
receiving apparatus from one case of \fIcharacter\fR to the other case of
character.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.10\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB10\fR 	\fBletters case\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ s\*'erie des lettres\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ posici\*'on letras\fR 
.PP
One of the cases into which the \fIcharacters\fR , predominantly letter 
characters and functions of a \fItelegraph code\fR with \fIcase shift\fR 
are 
grouped.
.RT
.LP
\fB721.32.11\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB11\fR 	\fBletters shift\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ inversion\(hylettres\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ cambio de letras\fR (inversi\*'on letras)
.PP
A \fIcase shift\fR resulting in a \fItranslation\fR of signals as primary 
\fIcharacters\fR predominantly letter characters, or functions of \fIletters\fR 
\fIcase\fR .
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.12\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB12\fR 	\fBletter\(hyshift signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal d'inversion\(hylettres\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de cambio a letras\fR (se\o"n~"al de inversi\*'on letras)
.PP
The signal which conditions a telegraph receiver to translate all signals 
received as primary \fIcharacters\fR or functions or \fIletters case\fR 
. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.13\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB13\fR 	\fBfigures case\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ s\*'erie des chiffres\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ posici\*'on cifras\fR 
.PP
One of the cases into which the \fIcharacters\fR , predominantly
numerals and signs, and functions of a \fItelegraph code\fR with \fIcase 
shift\fR are grouped. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.14\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB14\fR 	\fBfigures shift\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ inversion\(hychiffres\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ cambio a cifras\fR (inversi\*'on cifras)
.PP
A \fIcase shift\fR resulting in the \fItranslation\fR of signals as
secondary \fIcharacters\fR , predominantly figure characters, or functions of
\fIfigures case\fR .
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.15\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB15\fR 	\fBfigure\(hyshift signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal d'inversion\(hychiffres\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de cambio a cifras\fR (se\o"n~"al de inversi\*'on cifras)
.PP
The signal which conditions a telegraph receiver to translate all signals 
received as secondary \fIcharacters\fR or functions of \fIfigures\fR 
\fIcase\fR .
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.16\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB16\fR 	\fBspace signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal d'espace\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de espacio\fR 
.PP
Signal corresponding to a \fIcode combination\fR which causes the
printing position to be advanced by the character pitch without printing.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.17\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB17\fR 	\fBerasure signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal d'oblit\*'eration\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de borrado\fR 
.PP
A signal used for the purpose of invalidating a previous
signal.
.RT
.LP
\fB721.32.19\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB18\fR 	\fB\*QWho are you\*U signal\fR (function); \fBWRU signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal <<qui est l\*`a>>\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al <<?con qui\*'en comunico?>>; se\o"n~"al WRU\fR 
.PP
Signal corresponding to a \fIcode combination\fR which, when received by 
a \fItelegraph terminal\fR or \fIdata station\fR causes an call\(hysign 
device to 
transmit  an \fIcall\(hysign\fR .
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.20\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB19\fR 	\fBcall\(hysign; answer\(hyback code\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal d'identification; indicatif\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ distintivo de llamada; se\o"n~"al de identificaci\*'on; indicativo\fR 
.PP
Unique sequence of \fIcharacters\fR identifying a particular
\fItelegraph terminal\fR or \fIdata station\fR .
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.21\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB20\fR 	\fBidentification request\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ demande d'identification\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ petici\*'on de identificaci\*'on\fR 
.PP
A \fItransmission control\fR used as a request for a response from a remote 
terminal; the response may include the terminal identification, or the 
state of the terminal. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.28\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB21\fR 	\fBdevice control\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ commande d'appareil\fR (auxiliaire)
.LP
	\fIS:\ instrucci\*'on de dispositivo\fR (mando de dispositivo)
.PP
A \fIfunction control\fR designed to control certain ancillary
equipments associated with a \fIterminal\fR used in particular to switch such
equipments on or off.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.35\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB22\fR 	\fBwarning signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal avertisseur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de aviso\fR 
.PP
A \fIfunction signal\fR which operates an audible or visual calling device 
with a view to attracting attention. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.40\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB23\fR 	\fBswitching signal telex\(hydata\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal de commutation t\*'elex\(hydonn\*'ees\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de conmutaci\*'on t\*'elex\(hydatos\fR 
.PP
A signal which switches a \fIterminal\fR from the telex mode to the
\fIdata transmission\fR mode.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.32.47\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB24\fR 	\fBsubscriber's installation\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIinstallation d'abonn\*'e\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIinstalaci\*'on de abonado\fR 
.PP
The lines, the terminals and any extension, private exchange,
control units and any other equipment located at the subscriber's
premises.
.RT
.LP
\fB721.34.01\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB25\fR 	(telegraph) \fBterminal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIterminal (t\*'el\*'egraphique)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIterminal (telegr\*'afico)\fR 
.PP
Pertaining to or designating equipments connected to the end of
the subscriber's line or telegraph circuit, which can either establish or
receive calls, or store and retransmit signals, and which can be uniquely
identified.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.02\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB26\fR 	\fBlocal end\fR (with its termination)
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIensemble terminal\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIextremo local\fR  | con su terminaci\*'on)
.PP
That part of a connection including the apparatus, lines,
telegraph repeaters and any control units between the apparatus and the 
first, or last point in that connection where the transmission quality 
can be 
measured.
.RT
.ad r
\fB
721.34.025\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB27\fR 	\fBstart\(hystop apparatus\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIappareil arythmique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIaparato arr\*'itmico\fR 
.PP
Telegraph apparatus designed for a start\(hystop system.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.14
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.14\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB28\fR 	\fBteleprinter; teletypewriter\fR (USA)
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIt\*'el\*'eimprimeur; t\*'el\*'etype\fR (marque de fabrique,
terme \*`a proscrire), \fIt\*'el\*'escripteur\fR (terme \*`a proscrire 
dans ce sens) 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIteleimpresor\fR 
.PP
A start\(hystop apparatus comprising an alphanumeric keyboard
transmitter with a printing character receiver.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.15
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.15\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB29\fR 	\fBpage teleprinter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIt\*'el\*'eimprimeur \*`a (impression sur) page\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIteleimpresor en p\*'agina\fR 
.PP
A teleprinter which prints characters in page formation.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.16\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB30\fR 	\fBtape teleprinter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIt\*'el\*'eimprimeur \*`a (impression sur) bande\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIteleimpresor en cinta\fR 
.PP
A teleprinter which prints characters in a single line on a
continuous paper tape.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.17\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB31\fR 	\fBalphanumeric keyboard\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIclavier alphanum\*'erique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIteclado alfanum\*'erico\fR 
.PP
A device comprising an assembly of alphanumeric keys and function keys 
the operation of which controls the transmitter of a telegraph 
apparatus.
.RT
.LP
\fB721.34.18\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB32\fR 	\fBstorage keyboard\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIclavier \*`a enregistreur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIteclado con almacenamiento\fR 
.PP
An alphanumeric keyboard in which the combination set up by the
depression of a key does not directly control the transmitter but is
transferred to one or more sets of storage members for subsequent control of
the transmitter.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.21
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.51\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB33\fR 	\fBtape\(hyreading head; tape\(hyreader\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIlecteur de bande\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIlector de cinta\fR 
.PP
A device which reads a recording tape and produces signals
corresponding to the data recorded on the tape.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.22
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.29\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB34\fR 	(teleprinter) \fBcontrol unit\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIcoffret de commande (d'un t\*'el\*'eimprimeur)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIunidad de control (de un teleimpresor)\fR 
.PP
Unit associated with a teleprinter and containing the necessary
auxiliary equipment for operating this instrument on a switched network.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.23\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB35\fR 	\fBdirect printer\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIr\*'ecepteur traducteur imprimeur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIimpresor directo\fR 
.PP
Telegraph printer used in systems employing unequal length codes such as 
morse\(hycode, two\(hycondition cable code, in which printing is performed 
directly from the incoming signals.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.24\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB36\fR 	(tape) \fBperforator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIperforateur (de bande); perforatrice\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIperforador (de cinta); perforadora\fR 
.PP
An apparatus which records telegraph signals on a paper tape by
combination of holes punched in accordance with a predetermined code.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.25
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.35\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB37\fR 	\fBkeyboard perforator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIperforateur \*`a clavier\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIperforador de teclado\fR 
.PP
A perforator in which the punching is controlled by an
alphanumeric keyboard.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.26
.ad b
.RT
.LP
\fB34.34\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB38\fR 	\fBprinting perforator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIperforateur imprimeur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIperforador impresor\fR 
.PP
A tape perforator which, when perforating, also prints on the tape the 
corresponding character or the symbol representing the function 
control.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.27
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.36\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB39\fR 	\fBreperforator; receiving perforator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIr\*'ecepteur\(hyperforateur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIreperforador; receptor\(hyperforador\fR 
.PP
A receiver comprising essentially a tape perforator controlled by the received 
telegraph signals or data signals. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.28
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.35\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB40\fR 	\fBprinting\(hyreperforator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIr\*'ecepteur\(hyperforateur imprimeur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIreperforador impresor\fR 
.PP
A reperforator which, when perforating, also prints on the tape
the corresponding character or the symbol representing the function
control.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.29
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.37\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB41\fR 	\fBtelegraph transmitter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fI\*'emetteur (t\*'el\*'egraphique); transmetteur\fR (terme
d\*'econseill\*'e)
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fItransmisor telegr\*'afico\fR 
.PP
A device for the transmitting telegraph signals over a telegraph   channel.
.RT
.ad r
\fB72.34.33
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.23\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB42\fR 	\fBkeyboard transmitter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fI\*'emetteur \*`a clavier\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fItransmisor de teclado\fR 
.PP
A telegraph transmitter controlled by an alphanumeric
keyboard.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.34\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB43\fR 	\fBautomatic transmitter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	 \fIF:\fR \fI\*'emetteur automatique; transmetteur automatique\fR (terme 
d\*'econseill\*'e) 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fItransmisor autom\*'atico\fR 
.PP
Telegraph transmitter in which the forming of the signals is not controlled 
by any operator, but is actuated from a signal recording 
medium.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.35
.ad b
.RT
.LP
\fB34.27\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB44\fR 	\fBautomatic numbering transmitter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fI\*'emetteur \*`a num\*'erotation automatique (des messages)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fItransmisor de numeraci\*'on autom\*'atica\fR 
.PP
An automatic transmitter in which provision is made for
automatically transmitting a serial number before each message.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.36
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.30\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB45\fR 	\fBautomatic retransmitter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	 \fIF:\fR \fIr\*'e\*'emetteur (t\*'el\*'egraphique); retransmetteur\fR 
(terme d\*'econseill\*'e) 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIretransmisor autom\*'atico\fR 
.PP
An apparatus which automatically retransmits telegraph signals in accordance 
with recorded incoming signals. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.37
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.42\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB46\fR 	\fBperforated\(hytape retransmitter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	 \fIF:\fR \fIr\*'e\*'emetteur \*`a bande perfor\*'ee; retransmetteur \*`a\fR 
\fIbande perfor\*'ee\fR (terme d\*'econseill\*'e) 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIretransmisor de cinta perforada\fR 
.PP
An automatic retransmitter comprising a reperforator feeding a
tape directly into an automatic transmitter.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.38\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB47\fR 	\fBcoupled reperforator and tape reader; fully automatic\fR 
\fBreperforator transmitter distributor\fR (USA) \fB(FXRD)\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIr\*'e\*'emetteur \*`a bande perfor\*'ee (\*`a lecture\fR 
\fIcompl\*`ete); r\*'e\*'emetteur FRXD\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIreperforador y lector de cinta acoplados\fR 
.PP
A perforated tape retransmitter which ensures the retransmission of all 
the signals recorded by perforation including the last one. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.39
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.39\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB48\fR 	\fBautomatic retransmitter with controlled tape\(hyfeed mechanism\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fI\*'emetteur automatique \*`a commande par impulsions\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIretransmisor autom\*'atico controlado por impulsos\fR 
.PP
An automatic transmitter in which the movement of the perforated tape is 
controlled by pulses from an external synchronizing device, for example 
in the case of a time\(hydivision multiplex system. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.40
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.28\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB49\fR 	\fBanswerback unit\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fI\*'emetteur automatique d'indicatif\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fItransmisor autom\*'atico de indicativo\fR 
.PP
That part of a telegraph terminal which transmits automatically
its answerback code on receipt of the \*QWho are you\*U signal.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.41
.ad b
.RT
.LP
\fB34.26\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB50\fR 	\fBanswerback unit simulator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIsimulateur d'\*'emetteur d'indicatif\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIsimulador de transmisor autom\*'atico de indicativo\fR 
.PP
A device or program routing, not a part of a teleprinter, but
which performs the same function as the answerback unit on receipt of a
specific \*QWho are you\*U signal.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.42\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB51\fR 	\fBtape printer\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIlecteur imprimeur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIlector impresor\fR 
.PP
Apparatus which reads the signals recorded, for instance, on
perforated tape and prints the corresponding characters on a paper tape 
or page without the intervention of transmission. 
.PP
For exemple, a Morse printer or a five\(hyunit printer.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.43\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB52\fR 	\fBhalf\(hyduplex apparatus\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIappareil (fonctionnant) \*`a l'alternat\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIaparato semid\*'uplex\fR 
.PP
Apparatus comprising a transmitter and receiving part, the
arrangement of which allows for transmission in both directions but not
simultaneously.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.49\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB53\fR 	\fBcode converter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fItranscodeur; convertisseur de code\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIconvertidor de c\*'odigo; transcodificador\fR 
.PP
Equipment which accomplishes a code conversion.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.52
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB32.08\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB54\fR 	\fBtelegraph modulator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImodulateur t\*'el\*'egraphique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImodulador telegr\*'afico\fR 
.PP
A modulator controlled by a telegraph signal.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.53\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB55\fR 	\fBtelegraph demodulator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fId\*'emodulateur t\*'el\*'egraphique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIdemodulador telegr\*'afico\fR 
.PP
A demodulator controlled by a telegraph signal.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.54\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB56\fR 	\fBtelegraph discriminator\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIdiscriminateur t\*'el\*'egraphique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIdiscriminador telegr\*'afico\fR 
.PP
A discriminator for converting frequency shift telegraphy signals into 
direct current transmission signals. 
.RT
.LP
\fB721.34.55\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB57\fR 	\fBtelegraph radioconverter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fIconvertisseur de signaux radiot\*'el\*'egraphiques\fR ;
\fId\*'etecteur de signaux (radiot\*'el\*'egraphiques)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fIconvertidor de se\o"n~"ales radiotelegr\*'aficas\fR 
.PP
A device which accepts telegraph signals at audio frequency or
intermediate frequency and converts them into signal elements capable of
operating a telegraph recorder.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.34.56\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB58\fR 	\fBmargin\fR (of a receiver or terminal)
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge (d'un r\*'ecepteur ou terminal)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen (de un receptor o terminal)\fR 
.PP
The maximum value of a degree of individual distortion compatible with 
correct translation by a printer receiver or terminal, when the signals 
arrive at the input under specified conditions.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.22\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.03\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB59\fR 	\fBnet margin\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge nette\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen neto\fR 
.PP
The margin when the modulation rate at the input of the
apparatus has its nominal value.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.23\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.031\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB60\fR 	\fBeffective margin\fR (of a given apparatus)
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge effective (d'un appareil donn\*'e)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen efectivo (de un aparato dado)\fR 
.PP
The margin measured on a specified receiver under actual operating conditions.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.24\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.04\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB61\fR 	\fBnominal margin\fR (of a type of apparatus)
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge nominale (d'un type d'appareil)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen nominal (de un tipo de aparato)\fR 
.PP
The minimum value specified for the effective margin of equipment of a 
given type when working under standard operating and adjustment 
conditions.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.25\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.05\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB62\fR 	\fBtheoretical margin\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge th\*'eorique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen te\*'orico\fR 
.PP
The margin that could be evaluated from the manufacturing data of the equipment, 
assuming that it is working under perfect conditions. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.26\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.LP
\fB34.06\fR .bp
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB63\fR 	\fBmargin\fR (of a start\(hystop apparatus)
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge (d'un appareil arythmique)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen (de un aparato arr\*'itmico)\fR 
.PP
The maximum value of the degree of gross start\(hystop distortion
compatible with the correct translation by a start\(hystop apparatus of all the
character signals appearing either singly, or at the maximum rapidity
corresponding to the standard modulation rate.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.27\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.07\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB64\fR 	\fBsynchronous (start\(hystop) margin\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge au synchronisme (d'un appareil arythmique)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen de sincronismo (de un aparato arr\*'itmico)\fR 
.PP
The maximum value of the margin of a start\(hystop apparatus obtained by 
adjusting the modulation rate of the input signals to the most favourale 
value with respect to the time\(hybase characteristics of the receiver.
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.28\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.09\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB65\fR 	\fBmargin of a synchronous receiver\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\fR 	\fImarge d'un r\*'ecepteur synchrone\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\fR 	\fImargen de un receptor s\*'incrono\fR 
.PP
The margin of a synchronous receiver determined by the degree of isochronous 
distortion. 
.RT
.ad r
\fB721.26.29
.ad b
.RT
.ad r
\fB34.091\fR 
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 27P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE: PAGE 274 = PAGE BLANCHE\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'12P'
\s12PART\ III
\v'4P'
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBSUPPLEMENT\ TO\ THE\fR 
.EF '%	 \ \ \ ^''
.OF ''' \ \ \ ^	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBSERIES\ S\ RECOMMENDATIONS\fR 
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.rs
.sp 30P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE:\fR PAGE 276 = PAGE BLANCHE
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement No. 1\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBMINIMAL\ SPECIFICATIONS\ FOR\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 1''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VII.1\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 1	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTHE\ BILINGUAL\ (ARABIC/LATIN)\ TELEPRINTER\fR 
.FS
This
equipment is used in countries in Arab Telecommunication Union (ATU)
only.
.FE
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR 	\fBIntroduction\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The bilingual (Arabic/Latin) teleprinter is an apparatus that,
through applying the five unit code, can print, transmit and receive letters
and characters in both Arabic and Latin on the international telex network
using the International Alphabet No.\ 2 (See Tables\ 1 and\ 2).
.PP
In order to fulfil the requirements of printing Arabic text in its
correct form and to ensure the necessary automatic control for the operation 
of such a teleprinter, its design should utilize the most up\(hyto\(hydate, 
latest 
technology such as having an intelligent element (micro\(hyprocessor).
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR 	\fBModes of the bilingual teleprinter\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The bilingual teleprinter has two modes:
.RT
.LP
	a)
	\fILatin mode\fR 
.LP
	The Latin mode is the same mode as the Latin teleprinter now
in use.
.LP
	b)
	\fIArabic mode\fR 
.LP
	In order to transmit, receive and print the Arabic texts,
figures and special signs, the direction of printing, contrary
to the Latin mode, is from right to left.
.LP
	The code combinations, formats and keys of the numerals,
special signs and the seven functions are identical to those in
the Latin teleprinter.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR 	\fBHome position\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
In the bilingual teleprinter, the home position is always
Latin,\ i.e., on operating the teleprinter in the initial communication, it
begins automatically with the Latin mode.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR 	\fBThe seven functions\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The combinations applied in the International Alphabet No.\ 2 for the seven 
functions in the Latin mode (WRU, bell, carriage return, line feed, 
letter\(hyshift, figure\(hyshift and space) and the single combination\ 
32 are to be applied identically in the Arabic mode. 
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR 	\fBSwitching from Latin mode to Arabic mode and vice versa\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
To switch the bilingual teleprinter from mode to mode, the following groups 
of combinations are dedicated: 
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	From Latin to Arabic:
	29\(hy30\(hy32\(hy29
.LP
	\(em
	From Arabic to Latin:
	29\(hy32\(hy30\(hy29
.PP
Each of these groups should have an individual key on the board. Pressing 
such a key causes automatically the generation and transmission of the 
relevant combinations as well as making the proper direction of the printing 
according to the mode.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR 	\fBCall initiation and termination\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Regarding call initiation and termination, the principles applied in the 
bilingual teleprinter are identical to those applied in the Latin 
teleprinter.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBTableau 1, p.1\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBTableau 2, p.2\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB7\fR 	\fBIndicatif answerback\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The bilingual teleprinter has two answerbacks. The first is to be applied 
in the Latin mode whilst the second is to be applied in the Arabic 
mode. Each answerback consists of 20\ combinations.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB8\fR 	\fBLocal position\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
A separate key should be provided to the bilingual teleprinter for local 
operation. 
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB9\fR 	\fBLine capacity\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
In any line, the number of printed positions (letters, figures or
special signs) should not exceed 69\ characters whether in Arabic mode 
or Latin mode. 
.PP
If the ultimate capacity (69 characters) is attained, the carriage
return and line feed should be automatically effected.
.PP
Upon reaching space No. 59, of the line, a signal should be given
(visual and/or audible) to notify the user that only 10\ spaces remain to be
employed.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB10\fR 	\fBThe Bell signal\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
As in actual procedure of the Latin teleprinter, the pressing of
the bell key in both Arabic or Latin mode induces printing giving the
appropriate sound signal and transmitting the character dedicated for it in
the teleprinter.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB11\fR 	\fBThe Keyboard \(em General specifications\fR \v'3p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	a)
	The keyboard is of the 4 rows type.
.LP
	b)
	Each letter (Latin or Arabic) regardless of the number of
written shapes, has only one key.
.LP
	c)
	The formats and keys dedicated for figures are identical
irrespective of whether the teleprinter is in the Arabic or the
Latin mode. Their distribution should be analogous to the
keyboard of the Latin teleprinter.
.LP
	d)
	Each of the combinations (27, 28, 30, 31, 32) should have an
individual key. Such a key is to be used in both modes (Arabic
and Latin).
.LP
	e)
	There is no need to apply the high shift key (30) or the low
shift key (29) upon moving from the letter shift to the figure
shift and vice versa.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB12\fR 	\fBDistribution of the letters and signs on the keyboard\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The distribution of the Arabic and Latin letters and signs on the keyboard 
should be done according to Table\ 1. 
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB13\fR \fBDistribution of the letters and signs on the combinations\fR 
\v'3p' 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	a)
	The distribution of the Arabic and Latin letters and signs
will be shown in Table\ 2.
.LP
	b)
	Pressing the key of one of the letters
and \ \ 
the
combination
No.\ 32 is automatically generated followed by the combination
of the appropriate letter. These two combinations may be
preceded automatically by combination\ 29 as described in item\ d)
below.
.LP
	c)
	If the teleprinter is in the letter shift low and it is
required to get a letter or a character located in the temporary
shift other than those mentioned in item\ b) above, the pressing
of the key of the temporary level followed by pressing a key
relevant to a letter or a character of the complementary group
of the Arabic letters induces automatically the generation of
the combination No.\ 32, followed by the combination of the
relevant letter or character.
.LP
	d)
	If the teleprinter is in the high shift, the application
of the temporary shift induces at first switching to the low
shift and then to the application of the combination of the
temporary shift automatically.
.LP
	e)
	The pressing of the key of the temporary shift by itself
does not induce transmission of any combinations.
.LP
	f
)
	After effecting a letter or a character located on the
temporary shift, the teleprinter comes back automatically to the
letter shift (low).
.LP
	g)
	When the teleprinter is in the Latin mode, the key of the
temporary shift is not effective.
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB14\fR 	\fBRequirements relevant to the intelligent element when the
teleprinter is in the Arabic mode\fR \v'3p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	a)
	The teleprinter prints the appropriate format of the Arabic
letter according to its position in the word.
.LP
	b)
	If the combination No. 11 (low) relevant to the Arabic
letter (Alif) follows the combination No.\ 4 (low) relevant to
the Arabic letter (Lam), the combined Arabic letter\ (\(*g) will be
printed in two spaces and in its correct format.
.LP
	c)
	Upon ending or interrupting the communication, the
teleprinter goes back automatically to the home position,\ i.e.,
to the Latin mode.
.LP
	d)
	In addition to using the sign (\(em), i.e., combination No.\ 1
in the high shift as a negative sign, it is used as a connecting
sign for the Arabic letters when it is attached to them.
.LP
	e)
	Actuating the keys relevant to the Arabic short vowels
(Fat\(hyhah, Dhammah, Kasrah, Shaddah) is done according to the
following procedure:
.LP
	1)
	Actuation of the key of the short vowel follows the
actuation of the key of the letter to which the short
vowel relates.
.LP
	2)
	The transmission of the short vowel combination
follows the transmission of the relating letter
combination.
.LP
	3)
	In the printed text, the short vowel apears in the
space following the letter to which it relates.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB15\fR 	\fBFurther specifications\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Whenever no specific stipulation is mentioned within the items of these 
specifications, the CCITT Recommendations should be compulsory. 
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB16\fR 	\fBThe single Arabic teleprinter\fR \v'3p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	a)
	The specifications of the single Arabic teleprinter are
identical to those of the bilingual teleprinter except for
non\(hyexistence of the Latin letters, the direction of printing,
and the format of the answerback.
.LP
	b)
	The single Arabic teleprinter should be convenient to be
operated on the same international telex network as the
bilingual teleprinter and should also be convenient to exchange
Arabic texts with a bilingual teleprinter in the Arabic mode.
.LP
	c)
	The single Arabic teleprinter should have both Latin and
Arabic answerback. The principles of design of these answerbacks
are identical to those applied in the design of the answerbacks
of the bilingual teleprinter, except for the sign\ (=) which is
substituted by the sign\ (:) (combination No. 3 high).
.LP
	d)
	At the beginning of the communication and before
transmitting the combinations group of changing to Arabic,
the Latin answerback is applied.
.LP
	e)
	The single Arabic teleprinter uses the same combinations
dedicated for changing from Latin to Arabic and vice versa.
A separate key is dedicated for each. Pressing such a key
induces automatically the generation, and transmission of the
appropriate group.
.LP
.rs
.sp 16P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE: PAGE 282 = BLANCHE\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp