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.rs
\v | 5i'
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ M.60\fR 
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBMAINTENANCE TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60''
.OF '''Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60	%'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
	\fBIntroduction\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
This Recommendation consists primarily of those terms and
definitions that are considered essential to the understanding of the
maintenance of services and networks. Reference is provided to relevant
Recommendations from which these terms are derived.
.PP
The terms and definitions are given with a section number. Annex\ A
presents the list of terms in alphabetical order with the section number.
.PP
For additional definitions concerning transmission systems, see
Recommendation\ M.300; for additional definitions concerning maritime systems, 
see Recommendation\ M.1100; and for additional definitions concerning 
international sound\(hyprogramme transmission, see Recommendation\ N.1, N.51
and\ N.81. Also, complementary definitions concerning transmission restoration 
can be found in Recommendation\ M.495. 
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB1\fR 	\fBalarm indication signal (AIS)\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal d'indication d'alarme (SIA)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ se\o"n~"al de indicaci\*'on de alarma (SIA)\fR 
.PP
An alarm indication signal is a signal associated with a prompt
maintenance alarm of a defective maintenance entity and is, when possible,
transmitted in the direction affected (downstream direction) as a substitute
for the normal signal, indicating to other non\(hyeffective entities that a
failure has been identified and that other maintenace alarms consequent 
to this failure should be inhibited. 
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB2\fR 	\fBanomaly\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ anomalie\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ anomal\*'ia\fR 
.PP
An anomaly is a discrepancy between the actual and desired
characteristic of an item.
.PP
The desired characteristic may be expressed in the form of a
specification.
.PP
An anomaly may or may not affect the ability of an item to perform a required 
function. 
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB3\fR 	\fBautomatic switching equipment\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ \*'equipement de commutation automatique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ equipo de conmutaci\*'on autom\*'atica\fR 
.PP
That part of an international exchange concerned with switching
operations for routing the call in the desired direction.
(Rec.\ M.700,
\fIRed\ Book\fR )
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB4\fR 	\fBavailability (performance)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ disponibilit\*'e\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ disponibilidad\fR 
.PP
The availability of an item to be in the state to perform a
required function at a given instant of time or at any instant of time 
within a given time interval, assuming that the external resources, if 
required, are 
provided.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ This ability depends on the combined aspects of the
reliability performance, the maintainability performance and the maintenance
support performance of an item.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In the definition of the item the external resources
required must be delineated.
.PP
\fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ The term availability is used as an availability
performance measure.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB5\fR 	\fBbit error ratio (BER)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ taux d'erreur sur les bits (TEB)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ tasa de errores en los bits; tasa de error en los\fR \fIbits (TEB)\fR 
.PP
The ratio of the number of bit errors to the total number of bits transmitted 
in a given time interval. 
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB6\fR 	\fBbridging loss\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ affaiblissement d\* |  \*`a la d\*'erivation\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ p\*'erdida por derivaci\*'on\fR 
.PP
A term frequently used when a measuring instrument is connected
(bridged) across a transmission path or telephone channel. The bridging 
loss is the resulting reduction in the signal level, and is usually expressed 
in 
dBs.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB7\fR 	\fBchannel; access channel\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ canal d'acc\*`es [canal]\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ canal de acceso [canal]\fR 
.PP
A designated part, having specified characteristics, of the
information transfer capability at the user\(hynetwork interface.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The information transfer may be, and usually is,
bi\(hydirectional.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ See also the definition for transmission
channel.
(Rec.\ I.112)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB8\fR 	\fBchannel; transmission channel\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ voie de transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ canal; canal de transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
See Recommendation M.300 for the definition of analogue channel, digital 
channel and mixed analogue digital channel. 
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB9\fR 	\fBcircuit; telecommunication circuit\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ circuit; circuit de t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ circuito; circuito de telecomunicaci\*'on\fR 
.PP
A combination of two transmission channels permitting
bidirectional communication between two points, to support a single call.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ If the telecommunication is by nature unilateral, for
example: long distance television transmission, the term \*Qcircuit\*U 
is sometimes used to designate the single channel providing the facility. 
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In telephony, use of the term \*Qcircuit\*U is generally
limited to a telecommunication circuit with associated terminating equipment
directly connecting two switching devices or exchanges.
.PP
\fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ A telecommunication circuit does not necessarily permit
simultaneous transmission in both directions.
.PP
\fINote\ 4\fR \ \(em\ The \*Qgo\*U and \*Qreturn\*U channels may be permanently
associated together or may be selected from separate sets of associations
together throughout the call.
.PP
\fINote\ 5\fR \ \(em\ The term circuit may be preceded by other qualifiers 
than telecommunication\ e.g. telephone, digital, etc. 
(Rec.\ Q.9)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB10\fR 	\fBcircuit; digital circuit\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ circuit num\*'erique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ circuito; circuito digital\fR 
.PP
A circuit which transmits information signals in digital form
between two exchanges. It includes termination equipment but not switching
stages.
(Rec.\ Q.9)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB11\fR 	\fBcircuit access points\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ points d'acc\*`es au circuit\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ puntos de acceso al circuito\fR 
.PP
Four\(hywire access points so located that as much as possible of the international 
circuit is included between corresponding pairs of these access points 
at the two centres concerned. These points, and their relative level 
(with reference to the transmission reference point) are determined in each
case by the Administration concerned. They are taken as the basic practical
reference points of known relative level to which other transmission
measurements will be related. In other words, for measurement and lining\(hyup
purposes, the level at the appropriate circuit access point is the relative
level with respect to which other levels are adjusted.
(Rec.\ M.565)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB12\fR 	\fBcircuit control station\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ station directrice de circuit\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ estaci\*'on directora de circuito\fR 
.PP
The circuit control station is the point within the general
maintenance organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
telephone service that fulfils the control responsibilities for the automatic 
circuits assigned to it. 
(Rec.\ M.723)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB13\fR 	\fBcircuit sub\(hycontrol station\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ station sous\(hydirectrice de circuit\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ estaci\*'on subdirectora de circuito\fR 
.PP
The circuit sub\(hycontrol station is a point within the general
maintenance organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
telephone service that assists the circuit control station and fulfils the
control responsibilities for a circuit section assigned to
it.
(Rec.\ M.724)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB14\fR 	\fBcode violation\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ violation du code\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ violaci\*'on de c\*'odigo\fR 
.PP
Definition for code violation:
.RT
.LP
	a)
	 AMI\ \(em\ Two consecutive marks of the same polarity. This may not be 
the absolute number of errors. 
.LP
	b)
	HDB3\ \(em\ Two consecutive bipolar violations of the same
polarity. This may not be the absolute number of errors.
.LP
	c)
	 B6ZS\ \(em\ Two consecutive marks of the same polarity excluding violations 
caused by the zero substitution code. This may not be the absolute number 
of errors. 
.LP
	d)
	 B8ZS\ \(em\ Two consecutive marks of the same polarity excluding violations 
caused by the zero substitution code. This may not be the absolute number 
of errors. 
(Rec.\ O.161)
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB15\fR 	\fBconnection\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ cha\* | ne de connexion\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ conexi\*'on\fR 
.PP
An association of transmission channels or circuits, switching and other 
functional units set up to provide a means of transfer of information 
between two or more points in a telecommunication
network.
(Rec.\ 
Q.9)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB16\fR 	\fBconnection; digital connection\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ connexion num\*'erique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ conexi\*'on digital\fR 
.PP
A concatenation of digital transmission channels or digital
telecommunication circuits, switching and other functional units set up to
provide for the transfer of digital signals between two or more points in a
telecommunication network, to support a single
communication.
(Rec.\ G.701)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB17\fR 	\fBconnection; international connection\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ communication internationale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ conexi\*'on internacional\fR 
.PP
Whole of the means joining temporarily two subscribers and
enabling them to exchange information.
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB18\fR 	\fBconnection; international telephone connection\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ communication t\*'el\*'ephonique internationale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ conexi\*'on telef\*'onica internacional\fR 
.PP
A complete international telephone connection has three parts, as shown 
in Figure\ 1/M.560: 
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	an international chain
.LP
	\(em
	two national systems, one on each
end.
(Rec.\ M.560)
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB19\fR 	\fBcontinuity check\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ contr\* | le de continuit\*'e\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ prueba de continuidad\fR 
.PP
A check made to a circuit or circuits in a connection to verify
that an acceptable path (for transmission of data, speech, etc.)
exists.
(Rec.\ Q.9)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB20\fR 	\fBcontinuous checking\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ contr\* | le continu\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ comprobaci\*'on continua\fR 
.PP
At the time an item is active, it is being checked for good
performance. If the item does not fulfill the test requirements, it is
considered to have failed.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB21\fR 	\fBcontrol station\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ station directrice\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ estaci\*'on directora\fR 
.PP
A control station is that point within a general maintenance
organization which fulfills the control responsibilities for the circuit,
group, supergroup, digital section, etc., assigned to
it.
(Rec.\ M.80)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB22\fR 	\fBdata communication network\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ r\*'eseau de communication de donn\*'ees\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ red de comunicaci\*'on de datos\fR 
.PP
A data network which is established and operated either by
Administrations or by private organizations.
(Rec.\ X.15 \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB23\fR 	\fBdata communications network (DCN)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ r\*'eseau de communication de donn\*'ees (RCD)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ red de comunicaci\*'on de datos (RCD)\fR 
.PP
A DCN is a communications network within the TMN which supports
the DCF at reference point q\d3\u.
(Rec.\ M.30)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB24\fR 	\fBdata communications function (DCF) block\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ bloc de fonction de communication de donn\*'ees (FCD)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bloque de funciones de comunicaciones de datos (FCD)\fR 
.PP
The DCF block provides the means for data communication to
transport information related to telecommunications management between 
function blocks. Details of the DCF are given in\ \(sc\ 5.3 of 
Recommendation\ M.30.
(Rec.\ M.30)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB25\fR 	\fBdead time\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ temps mort\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ tiempo muerto\fR 
.PP
The dead time is defined for the purpose of Recommendations\ O.61 and\ 
O.62 as the time after which the counter is ready to record another 
interruption following the end of the preceding
interruption.
(Rec.\ O.61)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB26\fR 	\fBdefect\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ faute (ou d\*'efaut)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ defecto\fR 
.PP
A defect is a limited interruption of the ability of an item to
perform a required function. It may or may not lead to maintenance action
depending on the results of additional analysis.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB27\fR 	\fBdeferred maintenance alarm (DMA)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ alarme de maintenance diff\*'er\*'ee (AMD)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ alarma de mantenimiento diferido (AMD)\fR 
.PP
A deferred maintenance alarm is generated when immediate action is not 
required by maintenance personnel, e.g. when performance falls below 
standard but the effect does not warrant removal from service, or generally 
if automatic changeover to standby equipment has been used to restore 
service.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB28\fR 	\fBdegraded minute (DM)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ minutes d\*'egrad\*'ees (MD)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ minuto degradado (MD)\fR 
.PP
A degraded minute is a group of 60 consecutive seconds, after
excluding SES (severely errored seconds), with a BER (bit error ratio)
of\ 10\uD\dlF261\u6\d or worse.
.PP
A pseudo\(hydegraded minute is a group of 60 consecutive seconds, after 
excluding SES, with at least N2 anomalies or at least one slip (when the 
anomaly is not a binary error). N2 is calculated similarly to N1, to detect 
a BER of 10\uD\dlF261\u6\d in one minute. 
(Rec.\ M.550)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB29\fR 	\fBecho\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ \*'echo\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ eco\fR 
.PP
An electric, acoustic or electromagnetic wave which arrives at a given 
point, after reflection or indirect propagation, with sufficient 
magnitude and delay for it to be perceptible at the given point, as a wave
distinct from that directly transmitted.
(Rec.\ G.601)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB30\fR 	\fBecho canceller\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ annuleur d'\*'echo\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ compensador de eco; cancelador de eco\fR 
.PP
A voice operated device placed in the 4\(hywire portion of a circuit and 
used for reducing near\(hyend echo present on the send path, by subtracting 
an estimation of that echo from the near\(hyend echo. 
(Rec.\ G.165)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB31\fR 	\fBecho suppressor\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ suppresseur d'\*'echo\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ supresor de eco\fR 
.PP
A voice\(hyoperated device placed in the 4\(hywire portion of a circuit 
and used for inserting loss in the transmission path to suppress echo. 
The path in which the device operates may be an individual circuit path 
or a path 
carrying a multiplexed signal.
(Rec.\ G.164)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB32\fR 	\fBerror\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ erreur\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ error\fR 
.PP
An inconsistency between a digit in a transmitted digital signal and the 
corresponding digit in the received digital 
signal.
(Rec.\ G.701)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB33\fR 	\fBerror; random error\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ erreur al\*'eatoire\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ error aleatorio\fR 
.PP
Errors distributed over the digital signal so that they can be
considered statistically independent from each other.
(Rec.\ Q.9)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB34\fR 	\fBerror burst\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ paquet d'erreurs\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ r\*'afaga de errores\fR 
.PP
A group of bits in which two successive erroneous bits are always separated 
by less than a given number (\fIx\fR ) of correct bits. The number (\fIx\fR 
) should be specified when describing an error 
burst.
(Rec.\ Q.9)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB35\fR 	\fBerror free seconds (EFS)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ secondes sans erreur (SSE)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ segundos sin error (SSE)\fR 
.PP
The ratio of the number of one\(hysecond intervals during which no
bits are received in error to the total number of one\(hysecond intervals 
in the time interval. 
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The length of the time interval needs to be specified.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ This ratio is usually expressed as a
percentage.
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB36\fR 	\fBerrored seconds\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ secondes erron\*'ees (SE)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ segundos con error (SE)\fR 
.PP
An errored second is a second with at least one anomaly or
defect.
(Rec.\ M.550)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB37\fR 	\fBexchange\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ commutateur [central]\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ central\fR 
.PP
An aggregate of traffic carrying devices, switching stages,
controlling and signalling means, and other functional units at a network 
node that enables subscriber lines, telecommunication circuits and/or other 
functional units to be interconnected as required by individual
users.
(Rec.\ I.112)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB38\fR 	\fBfailure\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ d\*'efaillance\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ fallo\fR 
.PP
The termination of the ability of an item to perform a required
function.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ After failure the item has a
fault.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3; Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB39\fR 	\fBfault\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ panne; d\*'erangement\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ aver\*'ia\fR 
.PP
The inability of an item to perform a required function, excluding that 
inability due to preventive maintenance, lack of external resources or 
planned actions.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A fault is often the result of a failure of the item 
itself, but may exist without prior failure. 
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3;
Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB40\fR 	\fBfault; intermittent fault\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ panne intermittente\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ aver\*'ia intermitente\fR 
.PP
A fault of an item which persists for a limited time duration
following which the item recovers the ability to perform a required function
without being subjected to any action of corrective maintenance.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Such a fault is often recurrent.
(Supplement\ No\ 6,
Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB41\fR 	\fBfault correction\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ correction (de panne)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ correcci\*'on (de una aver\*'ia)\fR 
.PP
Actions taken after a fault localization intended to restore the ability 
of the faulty item to perform a required 
function.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB42\fR 	\fBfault localization; localization of faults\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ localisation des d\*'erangements\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ localizaci\*'on (de una aver\*'ia)\fR 
.PP
The broad localization of fault consists in finding the general
part of the equipment in which it exists. Fault finding consists of determining 
the faulty item of the equipment. 
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB43\fR 	\fBfault report point (circuit)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ service de signalisation des d\*'erangements sur les\fR \fIcircuits\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de avisos de aver\*'ias en los circuitos\fR 
.PP
The fault report point (circuit) is an element within the general maintenance 
organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic 
telephone service at each international centre or common for more than one
international centre.
.PP
The fault report point (circuit) is equipped with all the necessary
facilities and arranged in such a way that it may receive fault reports
relating to one or more specifically identified circuits from different 
sources or make such fault reports to other points and initiate the fault 
localization and clearing operations. 
.PP
The fault report point (circuit) will undertake its given
responsibilities and functions for circuits provided by wholly analogue
transmission and switching systems, and those provided by a mixture of 
analogue and digital systems. 
(Rec.\ M.715)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB44\fR 	\fBfault report point (network)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	 \fIF:\ service de signalisation des d\*'erangements dans\fR \fIle r\*'eseau\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de avisos de aver\*'ias en la red\fR 
.PP
The fault report point (network) is an element within the general maintenance 
organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic 
telephone service at each international centre or for more than one
international centre. If more than one international centre is associated 
with a given relation, it is desirable to designate one fault report point 
(network) as the principle one for that relation. If such is not practical, 
one of the 
fault report points (network) or a central organization may be nominated to
coordinate the activities of the various fault report points (network) 
that are involved. 
.PP
Such arrangements provide the maintenance organization of other
Administrations with a single point of contact for directing fault reports 
and service problems which involve more than one international centre. 
.PP
While the fault report point (network) is essentially a maintenance
element, it will in fact receive reports of network difficulties which may
result in network management actions. In other cases, network fault reports 
may be explained by information already available to the network management 
(implementation and control point) and collected as a result of its network
surveillance responsibility. Therefore, to avoid duplication of report 
points, considerable benefit is derived from close liaison between the 
fault report 
point (network) and the network management (implementation and control 
point). (See Recommendation\ E.413.) 
.PP
The fault report point (network) is equipped with all the necessary
facilities and arranged in such a way as to enable it:
.RT
.LP
	a)
	to receive from different sources, fault reports of
difficulties on the international telephone network or of problems with the
international telephone service that, at the time of reporting, cannot be
related to specific circuits or, in some cases, even to a specific
international centre; and
.LP
	b)
	 to make such fault reports to other points and initiate the fault location 
and clearing operations. 
(Rec.\ M.716)
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB45\fR 	\fBinterface\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ interface\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ interfaz\fR 
.PP
The common boundary between two associated
systems.
(Rec.\ I.112)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB46\fR 	\fBinternational automatic circuit\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ circuit automatique international\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ circuito autom\*'atico internacional\fR 
.PP
The whole of the international line and the outgoing and incoming equipment 
(or both\(hyway equipments) proper to the automatic circuit considered. 
The ends of this circuit are defined by the circuit access points (see 
definition for \fIcircuit access points\fR ).
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB47\fR 	\fBinternational chain\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ cha\* | ne internationale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ cadena internacional\fR 
.PP
An international chain is made up of one or more 4\(hywire
international circuits. These are connected on a 4\(hywire basis to international 
circuits (in transit international centres) or to national systems (in 
terminal international centres). See Figure\ 1/M.560. 
(Rec.\ M.560)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB48\fR 	\fBinternational leased circuit\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ circuit international lou\*'e\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ circuit internacional arrendado\fR 
.PP
The whole of the assembly of lines and apparatus connecting the
renter's terminal equipment (e.g.\ data modem) in one country to the renter's
terminal equipment in another. The interfaces between the circuit and the
renter's terminal equipment will be defined by the respective Administrations. 
See Figure\ 2/M.1010. 
(Rec.\ M.1010)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB49\fR 	\fBinternational main section\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ section internationale principale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ secci\*'on principal internacional\fR 
.PP
The whole of the assembly of national and international group or supergroup 
sections, between the defined test access points at the two terminal international 
centres (see Recommendation\ M.460). These access points should be the 
same points as those for the ends of the national main sections involved 
in the leased link. See Figure\ 1/M.900. 
(Rec.\ M.900)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB50\fR 	\fBinterruption; break of service\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ interruption; coupure (d'un service)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ interrupci\*'on (de un servicio); corte (de un servicio)\fR 
.PP
Temporary inability of a service to be provided persisting for
more than a given time duration, characterized by a change beyond given 
limits in at least one parameter essential for service. 
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ An interruption of a service may be caused by disabled
states of the items used for the service or by external reasons such as high
service demands.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ An interruption of a service is generally an interruption 
of the transmission, which may be characterized by an abnormal value of 
power level, signal distortion, error rate, etc. 
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB51\fR 	\fBinterruption\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ interruption\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ interrupci\*'on\fR 
.PP
For the purpose of Recommendation\ O.61, an interruption shall be regarded 
as a break in transmission or drop in the level of a test tone below a 
designated threshold. 
(Rec.\ O.61)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB52\fR 	\fBinterruption\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ interruption\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ interrupci\*'on\fR 
.PP
For the purpose of Recommendation\ O.62, an interruption shall be regarded 
as a break in transmission or drop in the level of a\ 2\ kHz test tone 
below a designated threshold. 
(Rec.\ O.62)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB53\fR 	\fBline; international line\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ ligne internationale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ l\*'inea internacional\fR 
.PP
The transmission system contained between the line access points (see\ 
\(sc\ 2 of Recommendation\ M.565) of the two terminal international centres. 
Where a digital international centre is interfaced by primary (or higher 
order) digital paths, a line access point on a per circuit basis may not 
exist. In 
such cases, the international line is deemed to end at the digital path 
access point nearest the international centre. 
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB54\fR 	\fBline; international line\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ ligne internationale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ l\*'inea internacional\fR 
.PP
The whole of the assembly of international and national circuit
sections between terminal international centres. See
Figure\ 2/M.1010.
(Rec.\ M.1010)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB55\fR 	\fBline; national line\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ ligne nationale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ l\*'inea nacional\fR 
.PP
The whole of the assembly of national circuit sections connecting the terminal 
national centre to the terminal international centre. When a 
distinction is needed to indicate the transmission direction in one country,
the expressions national sending line, that is, outgoing from the render, 
and national receiving line, that is, incoming to the renter, may be used. 
See 
Figure\ 2/M.1010.
(Rec.\ M.1010)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB56\fR 	\fBline access point\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ points d'acc\*`es \*`a la ligne\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ puntos de acceso a la l\*'inea\fR 
.PP
A point used by the CCITT to define the limits of an
international line and from which measurements are made. Only one \*Qline 
access point\*U exists at each end of an international line. The precise 
location of 
each such point depends on the Administration concerned.
(Rec.\ M.565)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB57\fR 	\fBlink; international link\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ liaison internationale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ enlace internacional\fR 
.PP
The whole of the assembly of international and national circuit
sections between terminal national centres. See
Figure\ 2/M.1010.
(Rec.\ M.1010)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB58\fR 	\fBlink; transmission link\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ liaison de transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ enlace de transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
A means of transmission with specified characteristics between two points.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The type of the transmission path or the capacity is 
normally indicated, e.g.\ radio link, coaxial link, or\ 2048 kbit/s 
link.
(Rec.\ I.112)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB59\fR 	\fBlogistic delay\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ d\*'elai logistique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ retardo log\*'istico; demora log\*'istica\fR 
.PP
The logistic delay is the period of time between the fault
localization and arrival of the maintenance staff on site. In case of an 
ISDN, the logistic delay will depend on the type of failures and how they 
are 
reported, i.e.\ by prompt maintenance alarm (PMA), deferred maintenance alarm
(DMA) or maintenance event information (MEI).
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB60\fR 	\fBloopback\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ mise en boucle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bucle\fR 
.PP
A mechanism incorporated into a terminal or into the network
whereby the transmit path of a communication may be connected back upon the
receive path.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB61\fR 	\fBloopback; complete loopback\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ mise en boucle, compl\*`ete\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bucle completo\fR 
.PP
A complete loopback is a layer\ 1 [of the open system
interconnection (OSI) model] mechanism which operates on the full bit stream. 
At the loopback point, the received bit stream shall be transmitted back 
towards the transmittting station without modification.
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB62\fR 	\fBloopback; digital loopback\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ mise en boucle num\*'erique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bucle digital\fR 
.PP
A digital loopback is a mechanism incorporated into a piece of
equipment whereby a bidirectional communication path may be connected back 
upon itself so that some or all of the information contained in the bit 
stream sent on the transmit path is returned on the receive path. 
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB63\fR 	\fBloopback; logical loopback\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ mise en boucle logique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bucle l\*'ogico\fR 
.PP
A logical loopback acts selectively on certain information within a specified 
channel or channels and may result in some specified modification of the 
looped information. Logical loopbacks may be defined at any layer of the 
OSI model depending on the detailed maintenance procedure 
specified.
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB64\fR 	\fBloopback; non\(hytransparent loopback\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ boucle non transparente\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bucle no transparente\fR 
.PP
A non\(hytransparent loopback is one in which the signal transmitted beyond 
the loopback point (the forward signal) when the loopback is activated 
is not the same as the received signal at the loopback point. The forward 
signal may be a defined signal or unspecified.
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB65\fR 	\fBloopback; partial loopback\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ mise en boucle partielle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bucle parcial\fR 
.PP
A partial loopback is a layer\ 1 mechanism which operates on one
or more specified channels multiplexed within the full bit stream. At the
loopback point, the received bit stream associated with the specified
channel(s) shall be transmitted back towards the transmitting station without 
modification. 
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB66\fR 	\fBloopback; transparent loopback\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ boucle transparente\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bucle transparente\fR 
.PP
A transparent loopback is one in which the signal transmitted
beyond the loopback point (the forward signal) when the loopback is activated, 
is the same as the received signal at the loopback 
point.
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB67\fR 	\fBloopback application\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ application de la mise en boucle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ aplicaci\*'on de bucle\fR 
.PP
The maintenance phase for which the loopback operation is
used.
(Rec.\ M.125)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB68\fR 	\fBloopback control mechanism\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ m\*'ecanisme de commande de mise en boucle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mecanismo de control de bucle\fR 
.PP
The means by which the loopback is operated and released from the loopback 
control point. 
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB69\fR 	\fBloopback control point\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ point de commande de mise en boucle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de control de bucle\fR 
.PP
The loopback control point is the point which has the ability to directly 
control loopbacks. 
.PP
The loopback control point may receive requests for loopback operation 
from several loopback requesting points. 
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB70\fR 	\fBloopback point\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ point de mise en boucle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de bucle\fR 
.PP
A loopback point is the location of the
loopback.
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB71\fR 	\fBloopback requesting point\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ point de demande de mise en boucle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de petici\*'on de bucles\fR 
.PP
The loopback requesting point is the point which requests the
loopback control point to operate loopbacks.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Loopback requests should be subject to identification 
and authorization. 
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Possible locations of loopback requesting points are: in
the network, in the TMN, in maintenance service providers
(MSP).
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB72\fR 	\fBloopback test pattern\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ signal destin\*'e \*`a l'essai de mise en boucle\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ secuencia de prueba de bucle\fR 
.PP
The information transmitted during the operation of the loopback in the 
channel or channels which are to be re\(hydirected by the 
loopback.
(Rec.\ M.125)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB73\fR 	\fBmaintainability (performance)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenabilit\*'e\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenibilidad\fR 
.PP
The ability of an item under stated conditions of use, to be
retained in, or restored to, a state in which it can perform a required
function, when maintenance is performed under given conditions and using 
stated procedures and resources. 
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The term maintainability is used as a measure of
maintainability performance.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB74\fR 	\fBmaintenance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenance\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenimiento\fR 
.PP
The whole of the operations required for setting up and
maintaining, within prescribed limits, any element entering into the setting\(hyup 
of a connection. In the international automatic telephone service, maintenance 
is particularly concerned with circuits and automatic switching equipment. 
Circuit and automatic equipment maintenance includes:
.RT
.LP
	a)
	carrying out setting\(hyup measurements and adjustments;
.LP
	b)
	planning and programming a maintenance scheme;
.bp
.LP
	c)
	 carrying out the prescribed routine preventive maintenance measurements 
and all other tests and measurements deemed necessary; 
.LP
	d)
	locating and clearing
faults.
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB75\fR 	\fBmaintenance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenance\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenimiento\fR 
.PP
The combination of all technical and corresponding administrative actions, 
including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or 
restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required
function.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB76\fR 	\fBmaintenance; automatic maintenance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenance automatique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenimiento autom\*'atico\fR 
.PP
Maintenance accomplished without human
intervention.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB77\fR 	\fBmaintenance; controlled maintenance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenance dirig\*'ee\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenimiento dirigido\fR 
.PP
A method to sustain a desired quality of service by the systematic application 
of analysis techniques using centralized supervisory facilities 
and/or sampling to minimize preventive maintenance and to reduce corrective
maintenance.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB78\fR 	\fBmaintenance; corrective maintenance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenance corrective\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenimiento correctivo\fR 
.PP
The maintenance carried out after fault recognition and intended to restore 
an item to a state in which it can perform a required 
function.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB79\fR 	\fBmaintenance; deferred maintenance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenance diff\*'er\*'ee\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenimiento diferido\fR 
.PP
Such corrective maintenance which is not immediately initiated
after a fault recognition, but is delayed in accordance with given maintenance 
rules. 
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB80\fR 	\fBmaintenance; preventive maintenance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ maintenance pr\*'eventive\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ mantenimiento preventivo\fR 
.PP
The maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or
according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of
failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB81\fR 	\fBmaintenance entity (ME)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ entit\*'e de maintenance (EM)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ entidad de mantenimiento (EM)\fR 
.PP
Maintenance entities are defined by the following
principles:
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	The different equipments of the telecommunications network
constituting the MEs are interconnected to consecutive and easily identifiable 
interface points, at which points the interface conditions defined for 
these 
equipments apply and which possesses the means of detecting maintenance 
events and failures; 
.LP
	\(em
	If the telecommunication equipment supports bidirectional
transmission, normally consisting of telecommunications equipment trasmitting 
in both directions, then both directions are considered part of the same 
ME; 
.bp
.LP
	\(em
	 When a failure occurs within a network it is desirable that the maintenance 
alarm information indication appears at the failed maintenance entity. 
When this is not practical, the indication should appear at the closest 
possible entity; 
.LP
	\(em
	 Maintenance alarm information indications in an entity should not cause 
related alarm information indications at other entities. In the event that 
such indications are permitted to occur, they should clearly indicate that 
the failure has occurred upstream, and not in the other entities displaying 
the information. 
(Rec.\ M.20)
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB82\fR 	\fBmaintenance entity assembly (MEA)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ assemblage d'entit\*'es de maintenance (AEM)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ conjunto de entidades de mantenimiento (CEM)\fR 
.PP
The maintenance entity assembly is defined by the following
principles:
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	An MEA contains a group of MEs assembled for additional
maintenance purposes;
.LP
	\(em
	Principles that apply to MEs apply also to MEAs;
.LP
	\(em
	 An MEA may detect failures and maintenance event information which can 
not be detected by MEs; 
.LP
	\(em
	 An MEA may provide end\(hyto\(hyend maintenance alarm information which 
can not be provided by MEs. 
.PP
End\(hyto\(hyend information may be collected by using additional
supervision means.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB83\fR 	\fBmaintenance sub\(hyentity (MSE)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ sous\(hyentit\*'e de maintenance (SEM)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ subentidad de mantenimiento (SEM)\fR 
.PP
The maintenance sub\(hyentity is defined by the following
principles:
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	The different parts of an MSE constituting the MEs are
interconnected at consecutive and easily identifiable interface points;
.LP
	\(em
	 When a failure occurs within an MSE it is desirable that the maintenance 
alarm information indication appears at the failed maintenance 
entity containing the MSE;
.LP
	\(em
	A failed MSE should be identified as failed by the fault
location process, but should lead only to the identification of the failed 
ME by the supervision process; 
.LP
	\(em
	 An MSE generally corresponds to the item which is replaceable during 
routine operations in the event of failure. 
(Rec.\ M.20)
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB84\fR 	\fBmaintenance event information (MEI)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ information sur les \*'ev\*'enements de maintenance (IEM)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ informaci\*'on de evento de mantenimiento (IEM)\fR 
.PP
This information has to be generated as a consequence of events
when no immediate actions by the maintenance staff are required, because the
total performance is not endangered. The maintenance actions can be performed 
on a scheduled basis or after the accumulation of maintenance event information 
indications. 
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB85\fR 	\fBmaintenance philosophy\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ philosophie de maintenance\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ filosof\*'ia de mantenimiento\fR 
.PP
A system of underlying principles for the organization and
execution of the maintenance.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB86\fR 	\fBmaintenance policy\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ politique de maintenance\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ pol\*'itica de mantenimiento\fR 
.PP
A description of the interrelationship between the maintenance
echelons, the indenture levels and the levels of maintenance to be applied 
for the maintenance of an item. 
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB87\fR 	\fBmaintenance service provider (MSP)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ fournisseur de service de maintenance (FSM)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ proveedor de servicios de mantenimiento (PSM)\fR 
.PP
The MSP represents a group of functions, equipment and
maintenance staff, that together have the responsibility for maintaining the
subscriber installation or a part of the
subscriber installation. A MSP cannot control the maintenance functions 
of the subscriber access. If authorized, it can request information from 
the SAMC 
about the subscriber access.
(Rec.\ M.36)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB88\fR 	\fBmaintenance strategy\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ strat\*'egie de maintenance\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ estrategia de mantenimiento\fR 
.PP
A plan for the organization and execution of
maintenance.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB89\fR 	\fBmaintenance support (performance)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ logistique de maintenance\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ log\*'istica de mantenimiento\fR 
.PP
The ability of a maintenance organization, under given conditions, to provide 
upon demand the resources required to maintain an item, under a 
given maintenance policy.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The given conditions are related to the item itself and to
the conditions under which the item is used and m
aintained.
(Supplement\ No\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB90\fR 	\fBmanagement entities\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ entit\*'es de gestion\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ entidades de gesti\*'on\fR 
.PP
Management entities are groups of capabilities that collectively provide 
management functions, such as operations, administration, maintenance and 
provisioning. For the network part, the functions may be implemented by 
a combination of capabilities in the network elements and operations systems. 
For the subscriber part, management functions may be contained within the 
subscriber installations.
(Rec.\ M.36)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB91\fR 	\fBmeasurement\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ mesure\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ medida; medici\*'on\fR 
.PP
The numerical assessment, in suitable units, of the value of a
simple or complex quantity or magnitude.
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB92\fR 	\fBmediation device (MD)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ dispositif de m\*'ediation (DM)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ dispositivo de mediaci\*'on (DM)\fR 
.PP
The MD is the stand alone device which performs mediation
functions (MFs). MDs can be implemented as hierarchies of cascaded
devices.
(Rec.\ M.30)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB93\fR 	\fBmediation function (MF) block\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ bloc de fonction de m\*'ediation (FM)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bloque de funciones de mediaci\*'on (FM)\fR 
.PP
The MF block acts on information passing between network element function 
blocks (NEFs) and operations system function blocks (OSFs) to achieve smooth 
and efficient communication. Major MFs include communication control, 
protocol conversion and data handling, communication of primitive functions,
processes involving decision making, and data storage. Details of the MF are
given in\ \(sc\ 5.4 of Recommendation\ M.30.
(Rec.\ M.30)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB94\fR 	\fBmultiterminal service circuit\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ circuit de service multiterminal\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ circuito de servicio multiterminal\fR 
.PP
A telephone or teleprinter (teletypewriter) service circuit
serving more than two stations and having at least one branching point. 
On each branch of this circuit a certain number of stations can be connected 
in series. Every station served can enter the circuit individually. 
See\ Figure\ 2/M.100.
(Rec.\ M.100)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB95\fR 	\fBnational main section\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ section nationale principale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ secci\*'on principal nacional\fR 
.PP
The whole of the assembly of national group or supergroup sections containing 
the defined test access points at the terminal national centre and defined 
test access points at the terminal international centre (see 
Figure\ 1/M.900).
(Rec.\ M.900)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB96\fR 	\fBnational system\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ syst\*`eme national\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ sistema nacional\fR 
.PP
This system may comprise one or more 4\(hywire amplified national
circuits with a 4\(hywire interconnection, and circuits with 2\(hywire 
connection to terminal exchanges and subscribers. See Figure\ 1/M.560. 
(Rec.\ M.560)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB97\fR 	\fBnetwork analysis point\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre d'analyse du r\*'eseau\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de an\*'alisis de la red\fR 
.PP
The network analysis point is an element within the general
maintenance organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic
telephone service associated with one or more international centres.
.PP
It receives information concerning service quality and faults not
associated with specific circuits. It analyses all relevant information to
investigate the problems involved. It may request the fault report point
(network) to initiate investigatory and/or remedial actions in one or more
maintenance centres in the home country or via a fault report point (network) 
in another country. 
.PP
The network analysis point acts as a single point of contact for
general enquiries concerning the day\(hyto\(hyday maintenance of the international 
telephone network, as may be made by the maintenance organizations of other
Administrations.
(Rec.\ M.720)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB98\fR 	\fBnetwork element (NE)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ el\*'ement de r\*'eseau (ER)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ elemento de red (ER)\fR 
.PP
The NE is comprised of telecommunication equipment (or
groups/parts of telecomunication equipment) and support equipment that 
performs network element functions (NEFs) and has one or more standard 
Q\(hytype 
interfaces.
(Rec.\ M.30)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB99\fR 	\fBnetwork element function (NEF) block\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ bloc de fonction d'\*'el\*'ement de r\*'eseau (FER)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bloque de funciones de elemento de red (FER)\fR 
.PP
The NEF block communicates with a telecommunication management
network (TMN) for the purpose of being monitored and/or controlled. Details 
of the NEF are given in\ \(sc\ 5.5 of Recommendation\ M.30. 
(Rec.\ M.30)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB100\fR 	\fBomnibus service circuit\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ circuit de service omnibus\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ circuito de servicio \*'omnibus\fR 
.PP
A telephone or teleprinter (teletypewriter) service circuit
serving more than two stations connected in series, any or all of which may
make connection to the service circuit simultaneously. See
Figure\ 1/M.100.
(Rec.\ M.100)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB101\fR 	\fBoperation, administration and maintenance centre (OAMC)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre de gestion, d'exploitation et de maintenance (CGEM)\fR 
.EF '%	Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60''
.OF '''Fascicle\ IV.1\ \(em\ Rec.\ M.60	%'
.LP
	\fIS:\ centro de operaciones, administraci\*'on y mantenimiento\fR 
\fI(COAM)\fR 
.PP
The OAMC is an administration's centre with the responsibility for the 
general operation, administration and maintenance of the network. It 
includes both the staff and associated operations systems. The functions 
may be distributed among many centres and operation systems. 
(Rec.\ M.36)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB102\fR 	\fBoperations systems (OS)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ syst\*`eme d'exploitation (SE)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ sistema de operaciones (SO)\fR 
.PP
The OS is the stand alone system which performs operation system functions 
(OSFs). 
(Rec.\ M.30)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB103\fR 	\fBoperations system function (OSF) block\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fB
	\fIF:\ bloc de fonction de syst\*`eme d'exploitation (FSE)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ bloque de funciones de sistema de operaciones (FSO)\fR 
.PP
The OSF block processes information related to telecommunication management 
to support and/or control the realization of various 
telecommunication management functions. Details of the OSF are given in 
\(sc\ 5.2 of Recommendation\ M.30. 
(Rec.\ M.30)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB104\fR 	\fBpath; telecommunication path\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ itin\*'eraire de t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ trayecto de telecomunicaci\*'on\fR 
.PP
The continuous course taken by a transmission signal beween two
points.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ This may be a physical transmission medium, a frequency
band in a frequency multiplex, a time slot in a time division multiplex,\ etc.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The path includes the transmission media and the 
means used for connecting them together. 
(Rec.\ Q.9)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB105\fR 	\fBpath; digital path\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ conduit; conduit num\*'erique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ trayecto digital\fR 
.PP
The whole of the means of transmitting and receiving a digital
signal of specified rate between those two digital distribution frames (or
equivalent) at which terminal equipments or switches will be connected.
Terminal equipments are those at which signals at the specified bit rate
originate or terminate.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ A digital path comprises one or more sections.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ Where appropriate, the bit rate should qualify the title.
.PP
\fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ Digital paths interconnected by digital switches form a
digital connection.
(Rec.\ M.300)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB106\fR 	\fBpoint\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ point\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto\fR 
.LP
	a)
	to identify an element within a maintenance organization
where specified functions are carried out. Examples of its use in this 
context are: fault report point\(hycircuit, restoration control point, 
testing 
point\(hytransmission;
.LP
	b)
	to identify an electrical location in a circuit, group,
digital path,\ etc., where access is required for testing purposes. Examples 
of its use in this context are: circuit access point, analogue link access 
point, digital path access point. 
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB107\fR 	\fBprompt maintenance alarm (PMA)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ alarme de maintenance imm\*'ediate (AMI)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ alarma de mantenimiento inmediato (AMI)\fR 
.PP
A prompt maintenance alarm is generated in order to initiate
maintenance activities (normally immediately) by maintenance personnel to
remove from service a defective equipment for the purpose of restoring good
service and effecting repair of the failed equipment.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB108\fR 	\fBpropagation performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ caract\*'eristiques de propagation\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ caracter\*'istica de propagaci\*'on\fR 
.PP
The ability of a propagation medium, in which a wave propagates
without artificial guide, to transmit a signal within the given tolerances.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The given tolerances may apply to variations in signal 
level, noise, interference levels,\ etc. 
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB109\fR 	\fBprotection switching\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ commutation sur liaison de r\*'eserve\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ conmutaci\*'on de protecci\*'on\fR 
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This term was used in the CCITT \fIRed Book\fR and has 
been deleted in the \fIBlue\ Book\fR . For more information, see the definitions 
for terms relating to direct transmission restoration (protection link 
switching) and 
automatic and semi\(hyautomatic transmission restoration (protection network
switching) in Recommendation\ M.495.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB110\fR 	\fBprotected monitoring point\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ point de surveillance prot\*'eg\*'e\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de monotorizaci\*'on protegido\fR 
.PP
A protected monitoring point provides a digital interface at which it is 
possible to monitor the transmitted signal and to make measurements with 
suitable test equipments (described in Fascicle\ IV.4, \fIRed\ Book\fR 
). 
.PP
The degree of protection is considered to be sufficient when a
variation of the pulse mask as given in Recommendation\ G.703 is less
than\ \fIx\fR %\fR with a short circuit at the protected monitoring point. 
(The value of \fIx\fR is 
for further study in connection with the electrical characteristics.)
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The above definition is a working definition and is under
study in Study Groups\ IV and\ XV.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB111\fR 	\fBquality of service (QOS)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ qualit\*'e de service (QDS)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ calidad de servicio (CDS)\fR 
.PP
The collective effect of service performances which determine the degree 
of satisfaction of a user of the service. 
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The quality of service is characterized by the combined
aspects of service support performance, service operability performance,
service integrity and other factors specific to each service. See
Figure\ 1/E.800.
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB112\fR 	\fBredundancy, standby\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ redondance en attente; redondance passive; redondance en\fR 
\fIsecours\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ redundancia pasiva; redundancia de reserva\fR 
.PP
That redundancy wherein one means for performing a required
function is intended to operate while the alternative means are inoperative
until needed.
(Supplement\ No.\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB113\fR 	\fBreliability (performance)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ fiabilit\*'e\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ fiabilidad\fR 
.PP
The ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions 
for a given time period. 
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to
perform this required function at the beginning of the time interval.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The term reliability is used as a measure of reliability
performance.
(Supplement\ No.\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB114\fR 	\fBrestoration; recovery\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ r\*'etablissement\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ restablecimiento\fR 
.PP
That event when the item regains the ability to perform a
required function after a fault.
(Supplement\ No.\ 6, Fascicle\ II.3)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB113\fR 	\fBrestoration control point (RCP)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre de commande de r\*'etablissement du service (CCR)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de control del restablecimiento (PCR)\fR 
.PP
The restoration control point (RCP) is an element within the
general maintenance organization for the international telecommunication
services. It initiates and coordinates service restoration activities in 
case of failures or planned outages of transmission systems in accordance 
with plans and ad hoc arrangements agreed by the technical services of 
the Administration concerned. 
(Rec.\ M.725)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB116\fR 	\fBroutine or periodic testing\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ essai de routine ou p\*'eriodique\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ pruebas peri\*'odicas; pruebas de rutina\fR 
.PP
Items are tested periodically, initiated either by the system or by the 
maintenance staff. The frequency of the test depends on the importance 
of the item, the failure rate and the number of items of that type present 
in the element. 
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB117\fR 	\fBserveability performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ servibilit\*'e (d'un service)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ servibilidad (de un servicio)\fR 
.PP
The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified
tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by the user and continue 
to be provided for a requested duration. 
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Serveability performance may be subdivided into the 
service accessibility performance and the service retainability performance. 
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB118\fR 	\fBservice\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ service\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ servicio\fR 
.PP
A set of functions offered to a user by an organization.
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB119\fR 	\fBservice; bearer service\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ service support\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ servicio portador\fR 
.PP
A type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the 
transmission of signals between user\(hynetwork 
interfaces.
(Rec.\ I.112)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB120\fR 	\fBservice; telecommunication service\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ service de t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ servicio de telecomunicaci\*'on\fR 
.PP
That which is offered by an Administration to its customers in
order to satisfy a specific telecommunication requirement.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Bearer service and teleservice are types of telecommunication 
service. Other types of telecommunication service may be identified in 
the 
future.
(Rec.\ I.112)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB121\fR 	\fBservice; teleservice\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ t\*'el\*'eservice\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ teleservicio; servicio final\fR 
.PP
A type of telecommunication service that provides the complete
compatibility including terminal equipment functions, for communications
between users according to protocols established by agreement between
Administrations.
(Rec.\ I.112)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB122\fR 	\fBservice alarm (SA)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ alarme de service (AS)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ alarma de servicio (AS)\fR 
.PP
A service alarm is generated at maintenance entities at which the service 
originates and/or terminates to indicate that the particular service is 
no longer available (e.g.,\ when a primary block is no longer available 
for 
setting up connections, the PCM muldex will extend a service alarm indication 
to the exchange equipment). The service alarm should be generated when 
performance falls below a level specified for a particular service. This 
level may coincide with that for initiating also a prompt maintenance alarm. 
(Rec.\ M.20)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB123\fR 	\fBservice accessibility performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ accessibilit\*'e (d'un service)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ accesibilidad (de un servicio)\fR 
.PP
The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified
tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by the user.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This takes into account the transmission tolerance and the
combined aspects of propagation performance, trafficability performance and
availability performance of the related systems.
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB124\fR 	\fBservice integrity\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ int\*'egrit\*'e de service\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ integridad del servicio\fR 
.PP
The degree to which a service is provided without excessive
impairments, once obtained.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This service is characterized by the transmission performance 
of the system. 
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB125\fR 	\fBservice operability performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ facilit\*'e d'utilisation (d'un service)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ facilidad de utilizaci\*'on (de un servicio)\fR 
.PP
The ability of a service to be successfully and easily operated by a user.
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB126\fR 	\fBservice retainability performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ continuabilit\*'e (d'un service)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ retenibilidad (de un servicio)\fR 
.PP
The ability of service, once obtained, to continue to be provided under 
given condition for a requested duration. 
.bp
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Generally this depends on the transmission tolerances, the
propagation performance and reliability performance of the related systems. 
For some services, for example packet switching, this also depends on the 
trafficability performance and the availability performance of the related
systems.
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB127\fR 	\fBservice support performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ logistique de service\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ log\*'istica del servicio\fR 
.PP
The ability of an organization to provide a service and assist in its utilization. 
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ An example of service support performance is the ability 
to provide assistance in commissioning a basic service, or a supplementary 
service such as the call waiting service or directory enquiries service. 
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB128\fR 	\fBseverely errored seconds (SES)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ secondes gravement erron\*'ees (SGE)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ segundos con muchos errores (SME)\fR 
.PP
A severly errored second is a second with a binary error ratio [as can 
be measured using a QRSS (quasi\(hyrandon signal source)] greater than 
or 
equal to 10\uD\dlF261\u3\d, or at least one defect (except slips).
.PP
A pseudo\(hyseverely errored second is a second with at least N1
anomalies (when the anomaly is not a binary error, i.e.\ when it is an error
indicator such as a code violation, CRC error,\ etc.), or one defect (except
slips). The value of N1 is an estimator defined to correspond to a BER of
10\uD\dlF261\u3\d in one second. N1 is a function of the accuracy of the 
anomaly 
detectors.
(Rec.\ M.550)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB129\fR 	\fBsub\(hycontrol station\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ station sous\(hydirectrice\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ estaci\*'on subdirectora\fR 
.PP
A sub\(hycontrol station is a point within the general maintenance
organization which fulfills the sub\(hycontrol responsibilities of the circuit,
group, supergroup,\ etc., digital section assigned to it.
(Rec.\ M.90)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB130\fR 	\fBsubscriber access maintenance centre (SAMC)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre de maintenance d'acc\*`es d'abonn\*'e (CMAA)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ centro de mantenimiento de accesos de abonado (CMAA)\fR 
.PP
The SAMC represents a group of functions, network equipment
elements and staff controlled by the Administration, which together have the
responsibility and capability for maintenance functions and maintenance 
actions within the subscriber access. 
(Rec.\ M.36)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB131\fR 	\fBsubscriber access maintenance entity (SAME)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ entit\*'e de maintenance d'acc\*`es d'abonn\*'e (EMAA)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ entidad de mantenimiento de accesos de abonado (EMAA)\fR 
.PP
The SAME controls the subscriber access maintenance functions and provides 
communications for such activities. The SAME might be distributed. 
(Rec.\ M.36)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB132\fR 	\fBsubscriber installation maintenance entity (SIME)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ entit\*'e de maintenance d'installation d'abonn\*'e (EMIA)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ entidad de mantenimiento de instalaciones de abonado (EMIA)\fR 
.PP
A SIME represents a group of dedicated functions contained within the functional 
groups (as specified in Recommendation\ I.411) of the subscriber insallation 
(i.e.\ TE1 and NT2) which have the following purposes; 
e.g.
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	interaction with the (human) user;
.LP
	\(em
	handling of maintenance protocol from the SAME and/or MSP;
.LP
	\(em
	control of internal testing and maintenance mechanisms.
(Rec.\ M.36)
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB133\fR 	\fBsystem availability information point\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ service collectant les informations relatives a la\fR 
\fIdisponibilit\*'e des syst\*`emes\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de informaci\*'on sobre disponibilidad del sistema\fR 
.PP
The system availability information point is an element within the general 
maintenance organization for the international automatic and 
semi\(hyautomatic telephone service associated with one or more international
centres. It collects and disseminates information concerning the
non\(hyavailability of telecommunications systems which affects the international 
service. The term availability is used here in the broadest sense of the 
word. 
(Rec.\ M.721)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB134\fR 	\fBtelecommunication\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ t\*'el\*'ecommunication\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ telecomunicaci\*'on\fR 
.PP
Any transmission and/or emission and reception of signals
representing signs, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature 
by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems. 
(Recs.\ G.701,
I.112)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB135\fR 	\fBtelecommunication Administration\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ Administration des t\*'el\*'ecommunications\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ Administraci\*'on de telecomunicaciones\fR 
.PP
An Administration, or the part of a combined postal and
telecommunication Administration, concerned with the provision of
telecommunication service.
(Rec.\ D.70)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB136\fR 	\fBtelecommunications management network (TMN)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ r\*'eseau de gestion des t\*'el\*'ecommunications (RGT)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ red de gesti\*'on de las telecomunicaciones (RGT)\fR 
.PP
A telecommunications management network provides the means used to transport 
and process information related to management functions for the 
telecommunications network.
(Rec.\ M.30)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB137\fR 	\fBterminal international centre\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre terminal international\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ centro terminal internacional\fR 
.PP
The international centre (for example, an international repeater station) 
serving the renter in the country in which the renter's installation is 
situated. There will be two terminal international centres in an 
international leased group or supergroup link, or more in the case of a
multiterminal link (see Figure\ 1/M.900)
(Rec.\ M.900)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB138\fR 	\fBterminal international centre\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre terminal international\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ centro terminal internacional\fR 
.PP
The terminal international centre (TIC) for leased and special
circuits is the international centre serving the renter in the country 
in which the renter's installation is situated. It marks the interface 
of the 
international and national lines and is normally located in association 
with a terminal international centre for the international public telephony 
circuits. 
.PP
Some Administrations may wish to locate the TIC for international
leased and special circuits indepen
dently of that for public telephony
circuits.
.PP
In all cases there will be a transmission maintenance point
(international line) (MTP\(hyIL) (see Recommendation\ M.1014) located at 
each TIC for leased and special circuits. 
.PP
There will be two TICs in a point\(hyto\(hypoint international circuit.
There may be more in a multiterminal circuit. See Figure\ 2/M.1010.
(Rec.\ M.1010)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB139\fR 	\fBterminal national centre\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre terminal national\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ centro terminal nacional\fR 
.PP
The nearest national installation (for example, a repeater
station) to which the renter's equipment is connected by the terminal national 
section. This centre will normally be staffed and equipped to make transmission 
measurements (see Figure\ 1/M.900). 
(Rec.\ M.900)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB140\fR 	\fBterminal national centre\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre terminal national\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ centro terminal nacional\fR 
.PP
The national centre (e.g., repeater station, telephone exchange)   that is:
.RT
.LP
	\(em
	nearest to the renter's installation;
.LP
	\(em
	provided with a circuit test point, so that transmission
measurements can be made by appropriate staff. See
Figure\ 2/M.1010.
(Rec.\ M.1010)
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB141\fR 	\fBterminal national section\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ section nationale terminale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ secci\*'on terminal nacional\fR 
.PP
The lines and apparatus between the defined test access points at the interface 
in the renter's premises and corresponding defined access points at the 
terminal national centre (see Figure\ 1/M.900). 
(Rec.\ M.900)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB142\fR 	\fBterminal national section\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ section nationale terminale\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ secci\*'on terminal nacional\fR 
.PP
The lines and apparatus connecting the renter's installation with the terminal 
national centre concerned. There may be intermediate installations (e.g.,\ 
telephone exchanges) in the terminal national section but they are 
assumed to have no testing facilities normally available. See Figure\ 2/M.1010. 
(Rec.\ M.1010)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB143\fR 	\fBtest\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ essai\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ prueba\fR 
.PP
A direct practical trial in whatever manner it may be made.
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book\fR )
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB144\fR 	\fBtest; functional test\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ essai de fonctionnement\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ prueba de funcionamiento\fR 
.PP
A \fIyes or no\fR test made to indicate whether a circuit, equipment or 
part of an equipment will function or not function under actual working 
conditions.
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book)\fR 
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB145\fR 	\fBtest; limit test\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ essai aux limites\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ prueba en los l\*'imites\fR 
.PP
A test made to indicate whether a quantity would fall within or
outside a pair of limits or boundaries.
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book)\fR .bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB146\fR 	\fBtest; yes or no test\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ essai par \*Qtout ou rien\*U\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ prueba de viabilidad\fR 
.PP
A test made to indicate whether a quantity or magnitude would fall above 
or below a specified limit or boundary defined to distinguish pass and 
fail conditions.
(Rec.\ M.700, \fIRed\ Book)\fR 
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB147\fR 	\fBtesting point (line signalling)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre pour les essais de la signalisation de ligne\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de pruebas de la se\o"n~"alizaci\*'on de l\*'inea\fR 
.PP
The testing point (line\(hysignalling) is an element within the
general maintenance organization for the international automatic and
semi\(hyautomatic telephone service at each international centre. It carries 
out line signalling tests on international circuits using channel\(hyassociated 
signalling systems, e.g.,\ R2, No.\ 5, whether provided by wholly analogue
transmission and switching systems or by a mixture of analogue and digital
systems.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In practice, at digital international exchanges, a line
access point at the circuit level may not exist when the exchanges is
interfaced by primary (or higher order) digital paths. Thus, all signalling
testing may need to be carried out from one location \(em\ generally the 
testing 
point (switching and interregister signalling). Signalling tests on Signalling 
System\ No.\ 6 are controlled and coordinated by the administrative control 
(see Recommendation\ M.762). 
(Rec.\ M.718)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB148\fR 	\fBtesting point (switching and interregister signalling)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	 \fIF:\ centre pour les essais de commutation et de la signalisation\fR 
\fIentre enregistreurs\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de pruebas de conmutaci\*'on y se\o"n~"alizaci\*'on\fR 
\fIentre registradores\fR 
.PP
The testing point (switching and interregister signalling) is an element 
within the general maintenance organization for the international 
automatic and semi\(hyautomatic telephone service at each international 
centre. It carries out tests concerned with switching and interregister 
signalling 
functions associated with international circuits, whether provided by wholly
analogue transmission and switching systems or by a mixture of analogue and
digital systems.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In practice, at digital international exchanges, a line
access point at the circuit level may not exist when the exchange is interfaced 
by primary (or higher order) digital paths. Thus, all signalling testing 
may 
need to be carried out from one location, generally the testing point
(switching and interregister signalling). This would include line signalling
aspects, if any.
(Rec.\ M.719)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB149\fR 	\fBtesting point (transmission)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ centre pour les essais de la transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ punto de pruebas de la transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
The testing point (transmission) is an element within the general maintenance 
organization for the international automatic and semi\(hyautomatic 
telephone service at each international centre. It carries out transmission
testing on international circuits whether provided by wholly analogue
transmission and switching systems or by a mixture of analogue and digital
systems.
(Rec.\ M.717)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB150\fR 	\fBtrafficability performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ traficabilit\*'e; capacit\*'e d'\*'ecoulement du trafic\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ aptitud para cursar tr\*'afico\fR 
.PP
The ability of an item to meet a traffic demand of a given size
and other characteristics, under given internal conditions.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Given internal conditions refer, for example, to any
combination of faulty and non\(hyfaulty sub\(hyitems.
(Rec.\ E.800)
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB151\fR 	\fBtransmission\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
The action of conveying signals from one point to one or more
other points.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Transmission can be effected directly or indirectly, 
with or without intermediate storage. 
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The use of the English word \*Qtransmission\*U in 
the sense of emission is deprecated. 
(Recs.\ G.701, I.112)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB152\fR 	\fBtransmission performance\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ qualit\*'e de transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ calidad de transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
The level of reproduction of a signal offered to a
telecommunications system, under given conditions, when this system is 
in an up state. 
(Rec.\ E.800)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB153\fR 	\fBtransmission restoration\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ r\*'etablissement de la transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ restablecimiento de la transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
The different actions taken in order to restore the transmission of a signal 
affected by a transmission fault. 
(Rec.\ M.495)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB154\fR 	\fBtransmission route\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ trajet de transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ ruta de transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
A transmission facility on a specific medium used by a certain
number of transmission systems between two stations.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ For example, one cable between two stations could be
regarded as one transmission route (whatever the number of systems using 
this cable is) and a radio system between these two points could be regarded 
as 
another route.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ This represents a physical route; this is different from
the term \*Qroute\*U which is defined in the E.600, Q.9 and Z.341\ Recommendations, 
which represents a logical route. 
(Rec.\ M.495)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB155\fR 	\fBtransmission route diversity\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ diversit\*'e de routage de transmission\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ diversidad de rutas de transmisi\*'on\fR 
.PP
The provision of at least two links between two nodes in a
transmission network which are routed over different transmission routes.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In case of a failure of one link, transmission route
diversity allows some traffic between the two nodes still to be carried over
the remaining link(s).
(Rec.\ M.495)
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB156\fR 	\fBupstream failure indication (UFI)\fR 
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
	\fIF:\ indication de d\*'efaillance en amont (IDA)\fR 
.LP
	\fIS:\ indicaci\*'on de fallo atr\*'as (IFA)\fR 
.PP
The upstream failure indication given by a maintenance entity
indicates that the signal arriving at that maintenance entity is defective.
The UFI indicates that the failure has occurred upstream of this point 
and no unnecessary maintenance activities are 
initiated.
(Rec.\ M.20)
.bp
.RT
.LP
\fR 
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation M.60)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBList of maintenance terms\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.PP
This Annex presents the maintenance terms in alphabetical
order together with their section number.
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\fB.\fR 
.sp 1P
.LP
\s91\ \ 
	Alarm indication signal (AIS)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
2\ \ 
	Anomaly
.LP
3\ \ 
	Automatic switching equipment
.LP
4\ \ 
	Availability (performance)
.LP
5\ \ 
	Bit error ratio (BER)
.LP
6\ \ 
	Bridging loss
.LP
7\ \ 
	Channel; access channel
.LP
8\ \ 
	Channel; transmission channel
.LP
10\ 
	Circuit; digital circuit
.LP
9\ \ 
	Circuit; telecommunication circuit
.LP
11\ 
	Circuit access points
.LP
12\ 
	Circuit control station
.LP
13\ 
	Circuit sub\(hycontrol station
.LP
14\ 
	Code violation
.LP
15\ 
	Connection
.LP
16\ 
	Connection; digital connection
.LP
17\ 
	Connection; international connection
.LP
18\ 
	Connection; international telephone connection
.LP
19\ 
	Continuity check
.LP
20\ 
	Continuous checking
.LP
21\ 
	Control station
.LP
22\ 
	Data communication network
.LP
23\ 
	Data communications network (DCN)
.LP
24\ 
	Data communications function (DCF)
.LP
25\ 
	Dead time
.LP
26\ 
	Defect
.LP
27\ 
	Deferred maintenance alarm (DMA)
.LP
28\ 
	Degraded minute (DM)
.LP
29\ 
	Echo
.LP
30\ 
	Echo canceller
.LP
31\ 
	Echo suppressor
.LP
32\ 
	Error
.LP
33\ 
	Error; random error
.LP
34\ 
	Error burst
.LP
35\ 
	Error free seconds (EFS)
.LP
36\ 
	Errored seconds
.LP
37\ 
	Exchange
.LP
38\ 
	Failure
.LP
39\ 
	Fault
.LP
40\ 
	Fault; intermittent fault
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\fB.\fR 
.sp 1P
.LP
\s941\ 
	Fault correction
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
42\ 
	Fault localization;
localization of faults
.LP
43\ 
	Fault report point (circuit)
.LP
44\ 
	Fault report point (network)
.LP
45\ 
	Interface
.LP
46\ 
	International automatic circuit
.LP
47\ 
	International chain
.LP
48\ 
	International leased circuit
.LP
49\ 
	International main section
.LP
51\ 
	Interruption
.LP
52\ 
	Interruption
.LP
50\ 
	Interruption; break of service
.LP
53\ 
	Line; international line
.LP
54\ 
	Line; international line
.LP
55\ 
	Line; national line
.LP
56\ 
	Line access point
.LP
57\ 
	Link; international link
.LP
58\ 
	Link; transmission link
.LP
59\ 
	Logistic delay
.LP
60\ 
	Loopback
.LP
61\ 
	Loopback; complete loopback
.LP
62\ 
	Loopbback; digital loopback
.LP
63\ 
	Loopback; logical loopback
.LP
64\ 
	Loopback; non\(hytransparent loopback
.LP
65\ 
	Loopback; partial loopback
.LP
66\ 
	Loopback; transparent loopback
.LP
67\ 
	Loopback application
.LP
68\ 
	Loopback control mechanism
.LP
69\ 
	Loopback control point
.LP
70\ 
	Loopback point
.LP
71\ 
	Loopback requesting point
.LP
72\ 
	Loopback test pattern
.LP
73\ 
	Maintainability (performance)
.LP
74\ 
	Maintenance
.LP
75\ 
	Maintenance
.LP
76\ 
	Maintenance; automatic maintenance
.LP
77\ 
	Maintenance; controlled maintenance
.LP
78\ 
	Maintenance; corrective maintenance
.LP
79\ 
	Maintenance; deferred maintenance
.LP
80\ 
	Maintenance; preventive maintenance
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\fB.\fR 
.sp 1P
.LP
\s981\ 
	Maintenance entity (ME)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
82\ 
	Maintenance entity assembly (MEA)
.LP
84\ 
	Maintenance event information (MEI)
.LP
85\ 
	Maintenance philosophy
.LP
86\ 
	Maintenance policy
.LP
87\ 
	Maintenance service provider (MSP)
.LP
88\ 
	Maintenance strategy
.LP
83\ 
	Maintenance sub\(hyentity (MSE)
.LP
89\ 
	Maintenance support (performance)
.LP
90\ 
	Management entities
.LP
91\ 
	Measurement
.LP
92\ 
	Mediation device (MD)
.LP
93\ 
	Mediation function (MF) (block)
.LP
94\ 
	Multiterminal service circuit
.LP
95\ 
	National main section
.LP
96\ 
	National system
.LP
97\ 
	Network analysis point
.LP
98\ 
	Network element (NE)
.LP
99\ 
	Network element function (NEF) block
.LP
100
	Omnibus service circuit
.LP
101
	Operation, administration and maintenance centre (OAMC)
.LP
102
	Operations system (OS)
.LP
103
	Operations system function (OSF) block
.LP
105
	Path; digital path
.LP
104
	Path; telecommunication path
.LP
106
	Point
.LP
107
	Prompt maintenance alarm
.LP
108
	Propagation performance
.LP
110
	Protected monitoring point
.LP
109
	Protection switching
.LP
111
	Quality of service (QOS)
.LP
112
	Redundancy; standby
.LP
113
	Reliability (performance)
.LP
115
	Restoration control point
.LP
114
	Restoration recovery
.LP
116
	Routine or periodic testing
.LP
117
	Serveability performance
.LP
118
	Service
.LP
119
	Service; bearer service
.LP
.rs
.sp 9P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\s8\fISection No.\fR \fITerm\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\fB.\fR 
.sp 1P
.LP
\s9120
	Service; telecommunication service
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
121
	Service; teleservice
.LP
123
	Service accessibility performance
.LP
122
	Service alarm (SA)
.LP
124
	Service integrity
.LP
125
	Service operability performance
.LP
126
	Service retainability performance
.LP
127
	Service support performance
.LP
128
	Severely errored seconds (SES)
.LP
129
	Sub\(hycontrol station
.LP
130
	Subscriber access maintenance centre (SAMC)
.LP
131
	Subscriber access maintenance entity (SAME)
.LP
132
	Subscriber installation maintenance entity (SIME)
.LP
133
	System availability information point
.LP
134
	Telecommunication
.LP
135
	Telecommunication Administration
.LP
136
	Telecommunications management network (TMN)
.LP
137
	Terminal international centre
.LP
138
	Terminal international centre
.LP
139
	Terminal national centre
.LP
140
	Terminal national centre
.LP
142
	Terminal national section
.LP
142
	Terminal national section
.LP
143
	Test
.LP
144
	Test; functional test
.LP
145
	Test; limit test
.LP
146
	Test; yes or no test
.LP
148
	Testing point (switching and interregister signalling)
.LP
149
	Testing point (transmission)
.LP
147
	Testing point (line signalling)
.LP
150
	Trafficability performance
.LP
151
	Transmission
.LP
152
	Transmission performance
.LP
153
	Transmission restoration
.LP
154
	Transmission route
.LP
155
	Transmission route diversity
.LP
156
	Upstream failure indication (UFI)
.LP
.rs
.sp 9P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE: PAGE 110 = PAGE BLANCHE\fR 
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp